A high-performance trailing anti-collision device for road construction vehicles, comprising an anti-collision frame, an upper beam, a lower beam, casters, a baffle, a first support rod, a first connecting rod, a first connecting cylinder, a first spring, A buffer plate, a second support rod, a second connecting rod, a second shock-absorbing seat, a second connecting cylinder, a second spring, a support bump, a third shock-absorbing rod, and a traction structure. The anti-collision device of the present invention has simple and convenient use steps and flexible use; the multi-stage decompression structures of the device are linked and cooperated to have strong anti-collision performance; partial or complete maintenance can be performed after impact.