The invention relates to the technical field of fire extinguishing agents, and provides a formula and a preparation method of an efficient environment-friendly forest water-based fire extinguishing agent. The cleaning agent comprises the following components: ethylene glycol, alkyl sugar, a surfactant, dimethyl methylphosphonate, dimethyl phosphite, sodium chloride, a composite thickening agent, polytetrafluoroethylene micro powder, a polymer solvent, a stabilizer, aluminum hydroxide sol, deionized water and a cross-linking aid. Dimethyl phosphite is used as an additive, dimethyl phosphite and ethylene glycol are used as organic synthesis intermediates to ensure mutual dissolution with water, dimethyl methylphosphonate and ethylene glycol are adopted as main agents, some polymer thickeners are not affected, the fire extinguishing range is wide, and meanwhile sodium chloride is added, so that the fire extinguishing effect is good. The fire extinguishing agent is suitable for forest fires and live equipment fires, the fire extinguishing efficiency can be effectively improved, the fire extinguishing agent can be directly sprayed on a human body to escape when necessary, alkyl sugar contained in the fire extinguishing agent can be compounded with a surfactant to generate a synergistic effect, the viscosity of the fire extinguishing agent is enhanced, and the fire extinguishing agent is high in seepage force and good in fire extinguishing performance.