The invention relates to production equipment for steam explosion treatment of micropore structure substances, and the equipment is key treatment equipment of biomass utilization, biochemical engineering, fermentation brewing, solid waste treatment and other industries. The invention provides an instantaneous ejection type steam explosion machine utilizing the steam ejection principle to complete the steam explosion process. Opening of an explosion channel of the steam explosion machine utilizes the steam ejection pressure generated by section difference, thus overcoming the problem of prolonged deflation time along with treatment volume increase in traditional hot blow process. With the increase of the cylinder volume, the section difference also increases accordingly, so that the cylinder ejection velocity can maintain consistent, thus laying the foundation for process scale-up.