The invention discloses a system and method for producing hydrogen peroxide through an anthraquinone method. The system comprises the four unit processes of hydrogen dissolving, hydrogenation, oxidation and extraction, wherein a hydrogenation unit comprises a series fixed bed and upflow-type tubular reactors, and working liquid and hydrogen are subjected to a hydrogenation reaction in the hydrogenation unit to obtain hydrogenation liquid; an oxidation unit comprises an oxidation tower, the hydrogenation liquid and oxygen-containing gas are subjected to an automatic oxidation reaction to obtainoxidation liquid; and an extraction unit comprises an extraction tower, hydrogen peroxide in the oxidation liquid is extracted by the water, and thus a high-concentration hydrogen peroxide product isobtained. According to the system and method, the anthraquinone hydrogenation reaction rate can be significantly improved, the anthraquinone hydrogenation reaction efficiency can be significantly improved, the uniformity of the reaction process is maintained, side reactions are less, the obtained hydrogenation liquid is good in quality, small in by-product number and low in viscosity, the gas-liquid mass transfer rate in the oxidation process is increased, the extraction efficiency in the extraction process is improved, the oxidation time is significantly shortened, and the number of actual tower plates of the extraction tower is decreased.