The invention provides a single-tank closed circulation energy storage power generation system. The single-tank closed circulation energy storage power generation system comprises a fused salt tank, an anti-freezing solution tank, a compressor, first / second heat exchangers, a turbine, upper / lower fused salt distributors, a low-temperature fused salt pump, a high-temperature fused salt pump, a fused salt thermocline, upper / lower anti-freezing solution distributors, a high-temperature anti-freezing solution pump, an anti-freezing solution pump, an anti-freezing solution thermocline, an engine and multiple valves. By selectively switching on one or more of the fused salt tank, the anti-freezing solution tank, the compressor, the first / second heat exchangers, the turbine, the upper / lower fusedsalt distributors, the low-temperature fused salt pump, the high-temperature fused salt pump, the fused salt thermocline, the upper / lower anti-freezing solution distributors, the high-temperature anti-freezing solution pump, the anti-freezing solution pump, the anti-freezing solution thermocline, the multiple valves and the engine, heat energy and electric energy are mutually converted. Stable output of renewable energy electricity such as wind power or photovoltaic power generation can be achieved, the effect of balancing electricity supply and demand is achieved, large-scale energy storagecan be achieved, the advantage of energy storage peak regulating is exerted, and a response is made to the requirements of renewable energy storage.