The invention discloses beta-1,3-D-glucan modified biomimetic hollow silicon dioxide composite particles and application thereof. The composite particles are obtained by performing a coupling reactionon biomimetic hollow silicon dioxide particles and beta-1,3-D-glucan, wherein the pore diameter range of nanometer transmission pore passages of the biomimetic hollow silicon dioxide particles is 1.7-15.2nm. The composite particles have the morphologies of bacteria and the nanometer transmission pore passages with appropriate pore diameter distribution, facilitate passing of antigens and medicines with different molecular weights, have relatively high antigen loading capacity, can continuously release the antigens, can increase the antigen utilization rate, reduce the number of injections andreduce toxic and side effects of the antigens and vaccine adjuvants, and continuously provides an immunoprotective effect; the composite particles have the equivalent level of inducing antigen-specific antibodies to an aluminum adjuvant and a Freund's adjuvant, and have a wide application prospect in the biomedical field; in addition, the composite particles is simple in preparation method, low in cost, environment-friendly and low in preparation cost, and have an industrial production potential.