The invention discloses a phosphate surfactant, of which the chemical formula is: H-(CF2)m-CH2-O-(CH2CH2O)n-PO(OM)2, wherein m is equal to 2, 4, 6 or 8, n is equal to 0 or 1, and M is NH4+ or Na+. The invention also discloses a method for preparing trifluorochlor oethylene polymer emulsion or solid with the phosphate surfactant as an emulsifier. The surfactant can be used for emulsion polymerization of fluoride-containing monomer. Used as the emulsifier, the surfactant can achieve a high polymerization rate, good dispersion stability, high yield, excellent copolymerization performance and / or multiple particle sizes (including small particle size). Besides, the method can realize polymerization by only using conventional equipment, is easy and convenient to operate and has a low cost, and does not cause environmental pollution during and after reaction.