The invention discloses a method for separating a C8 aromatic hydrocarbon isomeride mixture, which comprises the following steps of: contacting the C8 aromatic hydrocarbon isomeride mixture with an adsorbent which is an anionic pillared microporous material of which the pore diameter is in the range of 5-10 microns to realize selective adsorption separation of the C8 aromatic hydrocarbon isomeridemixture, wherein the anionic pillared microporous material is a porous material formed by metal ions M, inorganic anions A and organic ligands L through coordination bonds, the general formula of theanionic pillared microporous material is [MAL2]n, and n is larger than 4 and is an integer, the metal ion M is Fe<2+>, Co<2+>, Ni<2+> or Cu<2+>, the inorganic anion A is SiF6<2->, NbOF5<2->, TaF7<2->, ZrF6<2->, TiF6<2->, GeF6<2->, SO3CF3<-> or NbF6<->, and the organic ligand L is selected from the following structure shown in the specification as shown in the description.