The invention provides a segmental box girder prefabrication construction structure. The structure comprises a hydraulic oil tank, movable brake wheels, a hydraulic pump, an oil outlet pipe, rubber plug shells, a hookable supporting clamping plate structure, an adjustable shunt box structure, a rotatable sealing pipe structure, a backflow conveying pipe structure, an observation piece, a lifting rod, a filling pipe, a rubber cover, a U-shaped clamping seat, a supporting pipe and an inverted T-shaped supporting seat, wherein the movable brake wheels are in bolt connection to four corners of thelower end of the hydraulic oil tank. A shunt box, connecting pipes, an oil inlet pipe, oil filling pipes and the rubber plug shells are arranged, the corresponding number of the rubber plug shells can be selected to be inserted into pipes according to the set number of the pipes in the construction process, and different rubber plug shells are filled with hydraulic oil by mutual cooperation of the shunt box, the connecting pipes and the oil filling pipes, so that a plurality of the rubber plug shells can be conveniently filled in work.