The invention relates to a microbial sample inoculation device. The technical problem that adverse effects are caused when microorganism inoculation is conducted in an existing manual streaking mode is solved. Meanwhile, the structure of the existing intelligent robot for treating the microorganism sample is simplified; the device of the invention comprises a rack; a sample test tube recognition mechanism, a sample test tube grabbing mechanism, a scanning device, a sampling mechanism, a sterilization device, a culture dish containing mechanism, a culture dish recycling mechanism, a culture dish grabbing mechanism, a culture dish moving mechanism, a label pasting mechanism, a culture dish conveying mechanism and a controller are fixedly connected to the rack. The invention is widely appliedto the technical fields of microorganism inoculation, clinic, chemistry, environment and the like. Meanwhile, through mutual cooperation of the simplified mechanisms, the whole operation of test tubescanning, cover removing, cover installing, culture dish automatic cover removing and installing, automatic scribing, automatic labeling and the like is completed in a full-automatic mode, the working efficiency is improved, and the cost is reduced.