The invention belongs to the technical field of charging of new energy vehicles, and particularly relates to a liquid cooling charging system for a new energy vehicle and a control method. The systeminvolves a charging socket, a water pump, a water inlet pipe, a water outlet pipe, a connecting water pipe, a heat dissipation water tank, a power distribution unit and a safety monitoring box, wherein the water pump and the heat dissipation water tank are connected through the connecting water pipe, the water inlet pipe is arranged at the end, away from the connecting water pipe, of the water pump, and the water outlet pipe is arranged at the end, away from the connecting water pipe, of the heat dissipation water tank. According to the liquid cooling charging system for the new energy vehicleand the control method, through the reasonable structural arrangement, the cooling effect of the liquid cooling charging system is effectively improved; through temperature sensors arranged on a charging liquid cooling terminal and a liquid cooling terminal, temperature monitoring is carried out, and the safety of the charging process is guaranteed; and meanwhile, through the arrangement of a cooling liquid insulation detection module, the insulation failure problem due to the long-term use of cooling liquid is avoided.