88results about How to "Clean burning" patented technology

This invention provides a portable combustion device that provides a cleaner combustion, reduces the kindling period, and provides a more efficient overall combustion through the use of a fan that directs a predetermined volume of airflow over the combustible fuel—typically wood or similar cellulose-based biological solids. The combustion device has a combustion chamber into which the fuel source is placed for combustion. Mounted to the side of the combustion chamber is a housing that encloses the TEG, which generates an electrical output based on a difference in temperature on opposing sides. Mounted onto the TEG housing and protruding into the combustion chamber through a small passageway is a heat-conducting probe and heat-conducting probe base unit. The opposing side of the TEG is also in contact with a heat sink to remove heat from the TEG device through interaction with ambient air that passes over the vanes from a port located along the side of the TEG housing. A motor and fan near the heat sink to draw air away the heat sink and aid in the cooling of the heat sink, and force air onto the combusting fuel through a plurality of peripheral ports that connect with an air space located between the inner and outer walls of the combustion chamber.

The invention relates to an internal combustion engine that can be operated in compression ignition mode, the engine comprising a fuel injector for each cylinder; a fuel injection controller for controlling fuel injection quantity and a piston in each cylinder whose compression action causes a mixture of air and fuel to be ignited. The engine is further provided with inlet and outlet valves and sensors for measuring various engine operating parameters. During compression ignition mode, the control unit controls the fuel injector to perform a first fuel injection before top dead center of the exhaust stroke during a period of negative valve overlap, and a second fuel injection during the piston compression stroke. The control unit may perform a switch between a first fuel injection strategy and at least one further fuel injection strategy in response to a change in load demand on the engine.

The invention discloses a nozzle of a combustion chamber of a miniature gas turbine, relates to the gas turbine technology, and in particular to a small size fluid fuel nozzle used in a combustion chamber of a 100 kW level miniature gas turbine. The nozzle consists of three parts which are a fuel oil passage, a fuel air passage and an air channel at the root of a burner, comprehensively utilizes the advantages of pneumatic nebulization and pressure atomization, and is a combined type high performance pneumatic atomizing nozzle. The nozzle of the invention has the characteristics that: the nozzle adopts a conventional processing method to realize excellent atomization of the fuel in small scale space, so as to meet the requirement for the quality of fuel atomization under a quite wide burden of the combustion chamber of the miniature gas turbine; the nozzle can avoid burnout and overcomes the defect of nozzle blockage caused by high temperature coking of the fuel; meanwhile, the nozzle can make the fuel in the combustion chamber to be combusted more fully and reduce discharge of pollutants such as smoke black and so on.

A hybrid electric vehicle having an array of batteries that recharge with a generator connected to a Stirling engine, steam engine and / or steam turbine powered by combusting a solid fuel product. The battery array for this vehicle, which is a series hybrid, can be recharged using residential electrical current. A preferred solid fuel product for burning in the generator-charging engine of this vehicle is selected from cellulose, lignin and combinations thereof, most preferably in the form of pellets or small logs.

A hybrid fuel and methods of making the same are disclosed. A process for making a hybrid fuel includes the steps of combining a biofuel emulsion blend and a liquid fuel product to form a hybrid fuel. Optionally, the hybrid fuel can be combined with water in a water-in-oil process and include oxygenate additives and additive packages. A hybrid fuel includes blends of biofuel emulsions and liquid fuel products, including light gas diesel. Optionally, the hybrid fuel can include water, oxygenate additives, and other additive packages.

A three-stage internal combustion rotary engine, comprised of: a compressor feeding compressed air to a combustor for compression, fuel injection, combustion, and expansion of gases which rotate the rotor. The combustor rotor generates torque and drives the compressor and afterburner rotors simultaneously. The afterburner receives the combusted gases and scavenged air from the combustor for secondary combustion and expels the exhaust gases. Each unit consists of a housing joined together on a common axis and a rotor with a shaft mounted in an eccentric position of the housing side-walls. The shafts are interconnected by splines. The rotors have radial blind slots which contain slidable, movable vanes fitted with half-round knobs on opposite sides, aligned with the top surface and fit in the hemispherical grooves on the interior side-walls of the housing. This maintains a permanent contact with the interior housing periphery, regardless of gas pressures and rotating speed.

An internal combustion engine that can be operated in compression ignition mode, comprising a fuel injector (2) for each cylinder; a fuel injection control unit (4) for controlling fuel injection quantity and a piston (5) in each cylinder whose compression action causes a mixture of air and fuel to be ignited. The engine is further provided with inlet and outlet valves (6, 7) and sensors (12-16) for measuring various engine operating parameters, is disclosed. During compression ignition mode, the control unit controls the fuel injector to perform a first fuel injection before, and a second fuel injection after top dead center of the piston stroke during or after a negative valve overlap period. A method for operating the engine and a computer readable storage device (4) having stored therein data representing instructions executable by a computer to implement a compression ignition for an internal combustion engine is also described.

The present invention relates to a biowax comprising a partial acyl glyceride selected from the group consisting of a monoacylglyceride, a diacylglyceride and the combination thereof. The present invention also relates to a biocandle comprising a biowax and a wick, and to a method of producing the same.

The invention relates to an internal combustion engine that can be operated in compression ignition mode, the engine comprising a fuel injector for each cylinder; a fuel injection controller for controlling fuel injection quantity and a piston in each cylinder whose compression action causes a mixture of air and fuel to be ignited. The engine is further provided with inlet and outlet valves and sensors for measuring various engine operating parameters. During compression ignition mode, the control unit controls the fuel injector to perform a first fuel injection before top dead center of the exhaust stroke during a period of negative valve overlap, and a second fuel injection during the piston compression stroke. The control unit may perform a switch between a first fuel injection strategy and at least one further fuel injection strategy in response to a change in load demand on the engine.

An ignition system for flammable materials such as charcoal is provided. The ignition system includes a flammable paper tray that is infused with a non-petroleum palm oil wax accelerant. Substantially pure charcoal pieces are positioned in the tray at several predetermined charcoal positioning areas. The tray is ignited using multiple wicks.

Disclosed is a new and improved firelog comprising whole timber to which highly combustible fuel is injected. The log further comprises a plurality of slits to enhance the combustion process. Various combustible fluids or combinations thereby may be used as fuel. Applicants further disclose a method of impregnating said combustible fuel into said firelog.

This invention provides a portable combustion device that provides a cleaner combustion, provides a more efficient overall combustion through the use of a fan that directs a predetermined volume of airflow over the combustible fuel—typically wood or similar cellulose-based biological solids and provides a cooking surface that is a grill top. The combustion device has a combustion chamber into which the fuel source is placed for combustion. Mounted to the side of the combustion chamber is a housing that encloses the TEG, which generates an electrical output, based on a difference in temperature on opposing sides. Mounted onto the TEG housing and protruding into the combustion chamber through a small passageway is a heat-conducting probe and heat-conducting probe base unit.

As shown schematically in FIG. 1, hot gases, containing molecular oxygen, from generator elements, (14) and (19), pass through a bed of coal chunks in an ODD reactor chamber (2). The molecular oxygen content of these hot gases is less than stoichiometric, relative to the coal volatile matter content, so that partial oxidation of only the volatile matter occurs within the ODD reactor chamber, (2), during devolatilization therein. Two products are thusly created, a partially oxidized, and hence cleaner burning, volatile matter fuel gas, and a solid devolatilized coke. The hot coke is transferred, by overfeed, into a coke reaction chamber, (7), where counterflowing primary air, via air meter, (12), gasifies the coke into carbon monoxide with some carbon dioxide. Finally, the carbon monoxide and the partially oxidized volatile matter, are admixed with overfire air, and burned fully to carbon dioxide in overfire burner chambers, (23), (26). The resulting hot burned gases flow into the nozzle inlet, where, after mixing with bypass air, they expand through the expander portion of a gas turbine engine. Coal ashes accumulate at the bottom, (9), of the coke reaction chamber, (7), where the overlying coke chunks prevent ash particle carryover into the turbine blades. Low cost coal can thus be cleanly used as an energy source for gas turbine engines.

An alternate means of generating the power to drive the compressor section of gas turbine engines is described. Electric motors embedded within gas turbines would rotate the compressor, and receive the requisite power to perform the compression work from: 1) either a high-capacity APU generator, or 2) from a relative-wind driven turbine in a hybrid power-sharing arrangement. The electric motor provides enhanced control of N1 rpm, assuring greater responsiveness to control inputs.

An internal combustion engine that can be operated in compression ignition mode, comprising a fuel injector (2) for each cylinder; a fuel injection control unit (4) for controlling fuel injection quantity and a piston (5) in each cylinder whose compression action causes a mixture of air and fuel to be ignited. The engine is further provided with inlet and outlet valves (6, 7) and sensors (12-16) for measuring various engine operating parameters, is disclosed. During compression ignition mode, the control unit controls the fuel injector to perform a first fuel injection before, and a second fuel injection after top dead center of the piston stroke during or after a negative valve overlap period. A method for operating the engine and a computer readable storage device (4) having stored therein data representing instructions executable by a computer to implement a compression ignition for an internal combustion engine is also described.

The present invention discloses a method and system of loading an in-line muzzle-loading firearm. A projectile is rammed into a muzzle end of a barrel of the in-line muzzle-loading firearm such that a bottom portion of the projectile is adjacent or in close proximity with the breech end of a breech plug. A pre-measured powder cartridge is then inserted within a cartridge receiving bore of the breech plug such that a forward end of the pre-measured powder cartridge is adjacent a bottom portion of the projectile and a rim of the cartridge engages a first annular lip of the breech plug. The cartridge may then be secured within the breech plug by action of a bolt mechanism or a break open receiver mechanism.

The invention relates to a diesel oil / natural gas dual-fuel engine emission control strategy which is characterized by comprising the following specific steps: S1, sensing the crankshaft position andjudging load; and S2, controlling an oil gas shared ejector. Ejection of diesel oil and natural gas can be controlled in real time through the oil gas shared ejector and a dual-fuel ECU to adjust concentration distribution and characteristic distribution of fuel in an oil cylinder in real time; and aiming at different working conditions and the combustion characteristics of fuel, and by combiningthe flexible ejection strategy and proper EGR, the mixing characteristic and the ignition characteristic of the interior of the cylinder can be effectively controlled to optimize cylinder interior combustion and reduce emission of NOX, PM, HC and CO at the same time.

The invention relates to an internal combustion engine provided with at least one cylinder and comprising a fuel injection system, an intake air charging system for supplying air under pressure to an air intake manifold, a controller for controlling the fuel injection system, a spark ignition system and the intake air charger. The control unit is adapted to switch the engine from a first combustion mode using a higher manifold pressure to a second combustion mode using a lower manifold pressure, and further adapted to control the intake air charging system to cause a surge in the intake air, in order to evacuate the higher manifold pressure. The invention further relates to a method for controlling the internal combustion engine and a vehicle provided with such an internal combustion engine.

A spark plug having a ground electrode in the shape of a horn nozzle defined by an enlarged mouth and a reduced throat joined together, a conical inner wall tapered from the mouth to the throat. An ignitor electrode terminates at its distal end in a spherical tip disposed in the throat in spaced-apart relationship with respect to the tapered inner wall. An insulative body supports the ignitor electrode with a conductive body supporting the ground electrode. The horn nozzle is joined with the conductive body by a pair of posts so as to define a pair of slots for venting exhaust gasses from the ignition site.

The invention relates to an internal combustion engine provided with at least one cylinder and comprising a fuel injection system, an intake air charging system for supplying air under pressure to an air intake manifold, a controller for controlling the fuel injection system, a spark ignition system and the intake air charger. The control unit is adapted to switch the engine from a first combustion mode using a higher manifold pressure to a second combustion mode using a lower manifold pressure, and further adapted to control the intake air charging system to cause a surge in the intake air, in order to evacuate the higher manifold pressure. The invention further relates to a method for controlling the internal combustion engine and a vehicle provided with such an internal combustion engine.

The present invention discloses a novel engine controlled by combustion reaction path, which cylinders comprise working cylinders and reforming cylinders. According to the operational condition of engine, the engine is used for compressing, heating and reforming the fuel injected from the reforming cylinder injector; by controlling the reaction boundary conditions between fuel and air, the reforming cylinder can exhaust partial intermediate products or oxidation products of the different oxidation stages; the products are then mixes with the inlet air in the pre-mixing chamber and then is introduced into the working cylinder. Under operating in different working conditions, the engine can discharge the mixed gas with different activities under different oxidation stages by regulating the corresponding boundary conditions of the reforming reaction of the reforming cylinder, and can achieve concentration stratification and activity stratification of the mixed gas in the working cylinder by using the fuel injected from the working cylinder injectors, and can effectively achieve high effectiveness and broaden the scope of clean combustion by changing the combustion reaction path. The present invention just adopts simple oxidation reaction post-treatment device, and then the emission of the engine can meet the requirement of EuroVI emission regulation.

A hybrid fuel and methods of making the same. A process for making a hybrid fuel includes the steps of combining a biofuel emulsion blend and a liquid fuel product to form a hybrid fuel. Optionally, the hybrid fuel can be combined with water in a water-in-oil process and include oxygenate additives and additive packages. A hybrid fuel includes blends of biofuel emulsions and liquid fuel products, including light gas diesel. Optionally, the hybrid fuel can include water, oxygenate additives, and other additive packages.

This invention provides a portable combustion device that provides a cleaner combustion, reduces the kindling period, and provides a more efficient overall combustion through the use of a fan that directs a predetermined volume of airflow over the combustible fuel—typically wood or similar cellulose-based biological solids. The combustion device has a combustion chamber with a fuel source. A housing encloses the TEG on the side of the device that generates an electrical output based on a temperature differential between opposing TEG sides. A heat-conducting probe is mounted to the TEG and protrudes into the combustion chamber. The opposing TEG side contacts a heat sink that interacts with ambient air. A fan draws heated air away the heat sink, and forces the air onto the combusting fuel through a plurality of peripheral ports that connect with an air space located between inner and outer walls of the combustion chamber.

Exhaust gas 2 from a coal power generator 4 may be used to provide a commercial soil additive. The exhaust gas 2 is fed to a growing cell 14 containing bio-mass material. After the bio-mass material matures, the bio-mass material is harvested to produce the commercial soil additive, which is preferably treated to produce mulch 18 and compost 20.

The present invention relates to a modular propane gas log burner for use in fireplaces that were originally designed as wood burning fireplaces. The present burner is designed for clean burning of propane fuel and is modular so that more than one burner can be used in combination in order to create a burner configuration for wider single-sided gas log sets, for deeper single-sided gas log sets, and for two-sided or see-through gas log sets. The burner is provided with means for adjusting the fuel-to-air ratio and for adjusting the position of the flames to allow the user to achieve realistic and clean burning flames.

A fuel and hydrogen generator includes electrolysis in a first closed vessel containing a bath of water, electrolyte and sufficient liquid hydrocarbon fuel to serve as an oxygen barrier. The hydrogen produced in the first closed vessel is introduced into a second closed vessel having a bath of water, electrolyte and liquid hydrocarbon fuel in an amount volumetrically equal to the water. Electrodes extend through the liquid hydrocarbon fuel to the water to conduct electrolysis. Makeup water and liquid hydrocarbon fuel is supplied to both closed vessels as needed. The bath in the second closed vessel is recirculated to entrain all constituents within the bath and to cool the bath to ambient temperature. Gas is drawn off of the bath in the second closed vessel though vacuum with constituents then fractionally liquefied to create a reformed liquid hydrocarbon fuel and to separate the fuel from the gaseous hydrogen.

A candle holder includes a shell that defines a chamber. A first end portion of the shell and a second end portion of the shell project in a circumferential direction and are connected to each other at a seam of the shell. The candle holder also includes a liner positioned within the chamber of the shell. The liner defines a seamless well for receiving a candle. The candle holder seamed shell is capable of being manipulated into a variety of shapes or decorated while the seamless well liner limits or hinders spilling of liquid fuel during burning of an associated candle.

A fuel composition comprising ethylene and alkyl esters, which may be used as a substitute for heating oil. In one embodiment, the mixture comprises 95% anhydrous ethanol and 5% B100 biodiesel. The mixture may further contain a lubricity agent.

This invention relates to fuel compositions for use in combustion engines, such as for motor vehicle and aircraft usage. The fuel composition contains at least 99.5% of aromatic hydrocarbons and paraffinic hydrocarbons. The composition also preferably contains no lead, no multi-ring compound (only single ring compounds are present), less than about 15 ppm sulfur, and / or less than about 5 ppm nitrogen species. The resulting fuel is a drop-in fuel that provides clean burning with little to no engine deposit, high lubricity, high stability, and low corrosion.