The invention relates to a method for controlling a piezoelectric valve positioner capable of changing PWM (pulse-width modulation) duty ratio. A software system is formed by a main monitoring program module, an initializing module, a parameter self-tuning module, a valve position control module, a man-machine interaction module, an interrupt processing module, an EEPROM (electrically erasable programmable read-only memory) storage module and a watchdog module. Positive PWM duty ratio is changed by adding a five-step switch method with negative PWM into a sectional PI method or a linearization method, and when the control method is applied to small-range step control, positive PWM pulses with big duty ratio can be obtained, valve position starting process can be accelerated, the number of positive PWM pulses and adjusting time of small-range step control can be reduced, and small-range step control process can be accelerated.