The invention relates to a seedling raising method for sowing alpine-region oil paeonia rockii fresh seeds and covering the seeds with a black film. The seedling raising method comprises the following steps: (1) picking seeds, namely in an alpine region with elevation of 1800-2500m, immediately picking yellow paeonia rockii follicle pods in the middle of August to obtain fresh pods; (2) furrowing and ridging, namely furrowing when the soil humidity is 60%-70%; (3) processing seeds, namely putting the fresh pods in a shade place for 1-2 days, removing the husks of the seeds when the pod skin is slightly softened, and cleaning the seeds with water to obtain processed seeds; (4) sowing, namely directly sowing the processed seeds in a large field, covering soil after sowing, lightly suppressing, and covering the seeds with the black film; (5) managing after sowing, namely from the last ten-day of March to the first ten-day of April in the next year, removing the black film when the ground temperature is 10 DEG C and above, shallowly tilling surface oil, weeding and sterilizing when the seedlings are 3-8cm and have three leaves in the last ten-day of May, and hoeing and loosing soil, watering, controlling plant diseases and insect pests, and heaping soil through the winter according to conventional methods. According to the seedling raising method disclosed by the invention, the cost can be effectively reduced and the emergence rate can be increased.