This invention provides a floor vibration damping structure and a rail vehicle. Multiple through holes are spaced apart along the floor's extension direction in the vibration damping body. Each through hole has a first inner wall and a second inner wall arranged opposite to each other along the expansion and contraction direction of the vibration damping body. The first and second inner walls have a
separated state and an abutting state. In the
separated state, the vibration damping body provides a first elastic force to the floor. When the vibration damping body is subjected to increased pressure, the first and second inner walls are in the abutting state, and the vibration damping body provides a second elastic force to the floor. By designing the vibration damping body with holes, a high-stiffness elastic body with low
stiffness design is achieved, which is beneficial for reducing in-vehicle
noise. It also achieves a
variable stiffness design; that is, when the hole is compressed, it provides low-stiffness vibration damping support. When subjected to a large external load or passenger
jumping impact load, the first and second inner walls are in the abutting state, the hole closes, and high-stiffness support is achieved, preventing excessive floor
subsidence that could lead to floor damage. This improves vibration damping efficiency while satisfying lateral support stability.