The present invention relates to an ultrasonic nondestructive detection characteristic imaging system based on LabVIEW. The system comprises a hardware part and a software part, wherein the hardware part comprises an industrial personal computer, a high-speed data acquisition card, an ultrasonic pulse transmitting and receiving device and the like, and the software part comprises a synchronous control module, a movement control module, a waveform data acquisition module, a characteristic value calculation module and the like. With the system, the scanning signal A of the ultrasonic C type scanning process can be recorded, and the ultrasonic detection characteristic value can be automatically solved according to the scanning signal A; and the B type ultrasonic imaging and the C type ultrasonic imaging are performed according to the characteristic value, such that the defect shape, the defect size, the defect position, the material structure uniformity and other important non-destructive detection information can be intuitively displayed, and the chromatographic detection on the material defect and the non-uniformity can be achieved. According to the present invention, the system uses the modular construction way, has characteristics of simple structure, powerful imaging function, strong functional scalability and simple operation, and provides the powerful hardware and software system for the ultrasonic nondestructive detection of the material.