43results about How to "Improved shape stability" patented technology

The invention relates to the technical field of railway line flaw detection, in particular to railway line automatic comprehensive flaw detection equipment which comprises two steel rails and a flaw detection car and further comprises a C-shaped mounting plate, a buffer assembly, a waist detection mechanism and a bottom detection mechanism. A first fixing rod is transversely arranged in the C-shaped mounting plate, fixing sleeves are slidably connected to the two ends of the first fixing rod correspondingly, and balance assemblies are arranged at the ends, away from each other, of the two fixing sleeves correspondingly. The device has the advantages that different detection assemblies are arranged for different detection areas, so that steel rail detection of different parts is more efficient and accurate, it is ensured that different types of defects can be detected, the detection period is shortened, the balance assembly and the buffer assembly cooperate with each other to enable the head detection assembly to keep a dynamic balance state, and the detection efficiency is improved. The probe is effectively protected from vibration damage, and the adaptability of the probe to the change of the steel rail and the detection stability of the probe are improved.

The invention belongs to the field of preparation processes of nano-porous materials, and relates to a method for preparing a silicon-based elastic aerogel phase-change thermal insulation material by an in-situ chemical method. A phase-change material with an oxygen-containing functional group on the surface is selected as a phase-change core material, a surfactant, deionized water, ethanol, a silicon precursor, acid, alkali and the phase-change core material are uniformly mixed and subjected to hydrolysis, polycondensation and other reactions, meanwhile, the phase-change core material and silicon-based aerogel are subjected to in-situ grafting combination in the process, and the silicon-based aerogel is prepared. The silicon-based elastic aerogel phase change thermal insulation material is prepared through sol-gel and supercritical drying. The invention innovatively provides an in-situ grafting method, and the constructed silicon-based elastic aerogel phase-change thermal insulation material integrates multiple functions of high thermal insulation property, elasticity, leakage prevention, high response rate and the like, has the advantages of low material cost and convenient preparation process, and is low in energy consumption and easy to realize large-scale production.

The invention discloses a method for preparing a metal casting mold based on steel grit 3D printing, and belongs to the technical field of metal casting mold machining. In order to solve the technical problem that in the prior art, the mechanical strength and collapsibility of a metal casting mold need to be further improved, the method for preparing the metal casting mold based on steel grit 3D printing comprises the following steps that a sand mold three-dimensional model is established according to a metal casting, then casting mold steel grit is filled in an operation box of sand mold 3D printing equipment, and the casting mold steel grit is obtained; the binder storage tank is filled with a binder; and according to the section formation of the sand mold three-dimensional model, a sand paving system of the sand mold 3D printing equipment paves cast steel sand on a printing platform. The casting steel sand and the binder are matched with each other, the metal casting mold blank is prepared through 3D printing and then dried, the normal-temperature mechanical property and high-temperature property of the metal casting mold are effectively improved, the application range of the metal casting mold is widened, and meanwhile the collapsibility of the metal casting mold is improved.

The invention discloses a modified resin composition for a high-pressure-resistant and high-wear-resistant PVC (polyvinyl chloride) hose, and belongs to the technical field of PVC pipes. The sisal fibers are subjected to alkali treatment, impurities are removed and active sites are increased through insertion modification and alkali treatment of the magnesium aluminate spinel fibers, the magnesium aluminate spinel fibers improve the performance of the pipe due to the high length-diameter ratio and other characteristics of the magnesium aluminate spinel fibers, a stable enhanced network structure is formed in a PVC matrix, the surface hardness and wear resistance are improved, the pressure is shared, and the pressure resistance is improved. A bicyclo [2.2. 2] octane structure contained in the long-chain graft modifier disclosed by the invention has rigidity and steric hindrance effect, can uniformly disperse pressure to avoid breakage or excessive deformation of a molecular chain, and is coupled with an amino silane coupling agent to form a three-dimensional structure to improve pressure resistance and wear resistance. After sulfonic groups and a long-chain grafting modifier are introduced to the surfaces of the interspersed modified sisal fibers, the hydrophobic and oleophylic properties of the sisal fibers are improved, the compatibility with PVC is enhanced, agglomeration is avoided, friction is effectively resisted, and the processing fluidity of the material is improved.

The invention relates to a drawing and flanging die and a method for controlling flanging springback of a sheet metal part, the drawing and flanging die comprises a drawing male die and a drawing female die, a blanking gap is arranged between the drawing male die and the drawing female die, and the blanking gap comprises a plane gap section, a flanging fillet gap section and a flanging section gap section which are communicated in sequence; the flanging section gap section comprises a flanging springback value small linear gap section, one end of the flanging springback value small linear gap section is communicated with the flanging rounded corner gap section, and the flanging springback value small linear gap section obliquely extends in the direction close to the drawing male die from the connecting position of the flanging springback value small linear gap section and the flanging rounded corner gap section. And the flanging springback value small linear gap section is used for pre-shaping the flanging section section C part of the sheet metal part to form a pre-shaped flanging springback value small linear section D1. And the straight line section D1 with the small pre-shaping flanging springback amount has the smaller springback tendency, so that the sheet metal part can keep the shape and the size meeting the design requirement after being unloaded.

The invention discloses a battery cover plate, a battery and a battery module. The battery cover plate comprises a cover plate body and a signal transmission connector, the signal transmission connector comprises a connector; the connector comprises a connecting base, and a pin hole, an elastic sheet limiting groove and a metal elastic sheet which are respectively arranged on the connecting base; one end of the pin hole is used for being connected with an input socket of a cell state monitoring sensor in an inserted mode, and the other end of the pin hole is used for being connected with an output socket of a battery management system in an inserted mode. The connecting base is made of insulating elastic plastic, the elongation of the connecting base ranges from 80% to 120%, the yield elongation of the connecting base ranges from 7% to 15%, the yield strength of the connecting base ranges from 20 MPa to 40 MPa, and the elastic modulus of the connecting base ranges from 1 GPa to 1.5 GPa. A mounting hole is formed in the cover plate body; and the connecting base is inserted into the mounting hole and seals the mounting hole. According to the signal transmission connector, the mechanical performance parameters of the insulating elastic plastic determine that the connecting base can generate elastic deformation during extrusion, so that the mounting hole is sealed, and the signal transmission connector can provide a stable signal transmission function on the premise of not influencing the sealing performance of the battery.

This application discloses a method for improving the yield of hot-rolled titanium and titanium alloy plates, relating to the field of hot rolling processing of titanium and titanium alloy plates, including the following steps: Step 1, material head screening; Step 2, surface treatment of the material heads obtained in Step 1 by peeling, polishing or sandblasting and pickling; Step 3, material head welding; Step 4, material head rolling; Step 5, heat treatment of the finished plate; Step 6, surface treatment and slitting of the finished plate after heat treatment in Step 5 to obtain qualified finished titanium and titanium alloy plates. This invention solves the problem of easy breakage of traditional welds during hot rolling in the prior art, enhances the stability of the hot rolling process, reduces welding difficulty, simplifies the production process, improves the yield stability, and increases the product yield and production efficiency.

The utility model provides an outdoor flexible cable with high compression resistance and high deformation, comprising an outer ring assembly, a compression deformation resistance layer and a wire core assembly, the outer ring assembly comprises a protection layer, a rubber layer and a hollow layer, the inner side surface of the protection layer is provided with the rubber layer, and the hollow layer is arranged between the rubber layer and the compression deformation resistance layer. Compared with the prior art, the cable has the following beneficial effects that the outer ring assembly is arranged, and the spring in the outer ring assembly can provide extra support when the cable is subjected to external pressure, so that the influence on the internal structure of the cable is reduced, and the compression resistance is improved; the installation of the memory metal strips and the tensile ropes in the compression-resistant deformation layer can enhance the compression resistance of the cable, so that the cable can maintain good shape and structural stability when bearing external pressure, and the existence of the tensile ropes can improve the tensile resistance of the cable and reduce the influence on the internal structure of the cable in the tensile process.

The invention relates to the technical field of ceramic additive manufacturing and high-temperature sintering tools, in particular to a design method of a sintering clamp for photocuring a large-size special-shaped ceramic component. Aiming at the problems of free opening edge curling, thin-wall collapse, cracks, overall warping and the like which are easy to occur during sintering of a photocuring ceramic green body, the method comprises the following steps: firstly, acquiring three-dimensional geometric information of a component and partitioning, and identifying an instability mode and a sensitive area; and then a boundary strategy of shape limitation without shrinkage limitation, controlled sliding, partition supporting and intersection area receding is constructed, structural design and material selection of the supporting ring, the inner supporting core, the burning bearing base, the low-friction isolation layer and the positioning groove are completed, and assembly and use specifications are formed. The sintering bearing clamp obtained by the method can inhibit out-of-plane instability while allowing the component to shrink, reduce shrinkage retardation stress, and improve the sintering formability stability, size consistency and finished product yield of the component. The ice cream barrel-shaped silicon nitride ceramic piece is taken as an embodiment, so that the sintering defect risk can be obviously reduced, and the engineering popularization value is good.

The application belongs to the technical field of metal powder processing forming, and particularly relates to a metal powder processing paving and forming device, which comprises a rack, a hydraulic cylinder, a hydraulic rod, a workbench, a compacting die groove, a paving device and a cylinder assembly. The rack is used for mounting and supporting various functional components. The hydraulic cylinder is mounted on the top of the rack. The hydraulic rod is arranged on the output end of the hydraulic cylinder and is used for downward stamping. The workbench is arranged on the rack and is located below the hydraulic rod. The compacting die groove is arranged on the workbench and is correspondingly arranged with the end of the hydraulic rod. The hydraulic rod is used for stamping towards the compacting die groove, so that the metal powder in the compacting die groove is formed. The paving device is arranged on the workbench and is located opposite to the compacting die groove. The device can stably output, bidirectionally scrape and roll and pave the metal powder before pressing, so that the powder forms a uniform, flat and consistent powder layer in the compacting die groove, thereby improving the compacting forming quality and consistency.

The utility model relates to the technical field of aluminum plate machining, in particular to an arc-shaped aluminum plate punching machine. The arc-shaped aluminum plate punching machine comprises a box body, a collecting assembly is arranged on the inner bottom wall of the box body, a shell is fixedly connected to one side of the upper portion of the box body, a clamping assembly is arranged on the inner side of the shell, an aluminum plate body is installed on the inner side of the clamping assembly, and a connecting block is fixedly connected to one side of the top end of the box body. A hydraulic push rod is installed on one side of the bottom end of the connecting block, a threaded column is fixedly connected to the output end of the hydraulic push rod, a replaceable punching block is in threaded connection to the side face of the threaded column, a protective shell is fixedly connected to one end of the shell, and a supporting column is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the box body. The arc-shaped aluminum plate punching machine has the advantages that the arc-shaped aluminum plate punching machine can adapt to aluminum plates with different lengths and is stable in clamping, and machined finished products can be conveniently collected.

The invention discloses a processing technology for a stainless steel automobile valve, and relates to the technical field of automobile parts processing. It comprises the following steps: Step A: High-frequency heating: heating the stainless steel wire rod material by high-frequency heating; Step B: Molding: cutting the heated stainless steel wire rod material by a molding machine, and then molding it into a valve body by a multi-station mold; Step C: Reprocessing: processing internal threads and external threads on the valve body; Step D: Vulcanization: cleaning and drying the valve body, vulcanizing the rubber through a vulcanization mold after coating with rubber to form a finished product; Step E: Finished product inspection: inspecting the finished product, and packaging and warehousing after the inspection is qualified. The present invention can manufacture stainless steel automobile valves with lower cost and better performance; stainless steel is used as the raw material, and its high hardness and high tensile strength significantly improve the service life and overall quality of the valve, providing a more reliable guarantee for the tire; stainless steel is more environmentally friendly than brass.

This application relates to a stacked interlocking semiconductor packaging structure, comprising: a substrate, a base plate, two chips, a packaging layer, and a protective shell; the substrate is disposed on the top surface of the base plate, and two chips are disposed on the substrate, with the packaging layer encapsulating the chips and the substrate; the protective shell is disposed on the top surface of the base plate and surrounds the sidewalls of the packaging layer; the protective shell includes: two or more stacked rings, each ring having a limiting groove on its inner sidewall, and the packaging layer having multiple limiting protrusions on its sidewalls, the limiting protrusions matching the limiting grooves for embedding within the limiting grooves. The protective shell surrounding the packaging layer effectively isolates and protects the packaging layer, preventing damage caused by direct exposure of the packaging layer's sidewalls to the outside. This application utilizes a stacked, interlocking ring structure to reliably complete the packaging process of microelectronic components or semiconductor devices; the overall structure is simple and easy to manufacture; it has significant advantages in terms of process speed and cost.

This invention relates to laminated articles of nonwoven fabrics made of crimped composite fibers and articles comprising such laminated articles. This invention provides a nonwoven laminate comprising at least two layers, wherein at least one layer of the laminate comprises a nonwoven fabric of crimped composite fibers, the crimped composite fibers comprising: a first propylene polymer and a second propylene polymer, wherein the melting point of the second propylene polymer is 30°C or more higher than that of the first propylene polymer, the melting point being measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), the melt flow rate (MFR: measurement temperature 230°C, load 2.16 kg) ratio (second polymer / first polymer) of the first and second propylene polymers is 1.7 or greater, the melt flow rate being measured according to ASTM D1238, and the component ratio expressed as the weight ratio of the first propylene polymer / second propylene polymer is 50 / 50 to 10 / 90, wherein the nonwoven fabric has a thickness of 0.484 mm or greater, 10 EA / 10 The curl count is 50 mm or greater, and the longitudinal (MD) stiffness is 50 mm or less in the adhesive area of ​​the embossed pattern.

The invention discloses a heat storage plate of a continuous directional network structure composite phase change material and a preparation method and application. The heat storage plate comprises a base plate and a packaging plate. The base body plate is provided with hollow-out units which are arranged in an array mode, the hollow-out units and the protruding units are provided with continuously-oriented wall bodies, the interiors of the hollow-out units are filled with composite phase change materials, and the protruding units are used for enhancing the heat exchange effect with hot fluid; the packaging plate is used for packaging the substrate plate. According to the heat storage plate, on one hand, the continuous directional network structure composite phase change material provides a complete heat transfer path in the heat storage plate, the heat conduction performance of the heat storage plate is greatly improved, meanwhile, a micro heat conduction network is constructed through expanded graphite, and the heat conduction performance of the heat storage plate is doubly improved; and on the other hand, due to the fact that the size of the hollowed-out units of the base body plate in the heat storage plate is small, the size of the composite phase change material is large, and then the heat storage plate is endowed with large heat storage density.

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a cam clutch capable of stabilizing force application to a cam, improving durability and improving operation stability. Specifically, a biasing means for biasing a cam so as to come into contact with an inner ring and an outer ring is configured by a band-shaped spring formed in such a manner that a base having a cam housing part and a cam biasing part forms a circular ring, and the band-shaped spring has an end structure configured so that the cam housing part and the cam biasing part are in contact with the inner ring and the outer ring. The end portions of the base bodies can be pressed against each other in the circumferential direction, and the end portion structures are configured so as to include contact portions which are formed so as to extend in the radial direction and which are in surface contact with any one of an inner ring, an outer ring, and a spacer ring that holds a cam.

This invention relates to the field of medical polymer materials technology, and discloses an injectable polymer hydrogel and its preparation process. The hydrogel is prepared by in-situ crosslinking of solution A and solution B at a volume ratio of 1:1. Solution A includes oxidized dextran, zinc gluconate, anhydrous betaine, and phosphate buffer, while solution B includes carboxymethyl chitosan and phosphate buffer. This invention utilizes oxidized dextran and carboxymethyl chitosan to construct Schiff base covalent crosslinks, and introduces zinc gluconate to provide delayed metal coordination crosslinks, forming a double crosslinked network; simultaneously, anhydrous betaine is used to construct a hydration shield within the network. This invention effectively solves the problems of needle blockage caused by excessively rapid gelation time in traditional in-situ hydrogels and excessive swelling after implantation, achieving controllable gelation time, stable osmotic pressure, and uniform internal network, exhibiting excellent clinical operability and structural stability.

The purpose of the present invention is to provide an activated carbon fiber nonwoven fabric having excellent adsorption / desorption performance and high load durability in the thickness direction. The active carbon fiber nonwoven fabric according to the present invention has a BET specific surface area of 1,000-2,000 m2 / g (inclusive), a bulk density of more than 100 kg / m3, a graphite-like crystallinity (Xg) of 0.35 or more in X-ray diffraction, an R value of 1.20 or more in Raman spectroscopy, and a half-value width of the D band of 145 cm-1 or less in Raman spectroscopy.

The utility model provides an engine hood which comprises a top cover and a heat insulation cover, the heat insulation cover is arranged below the top cover, a plurality of fastening holes are formed in the heat insulation cover, bolts are arranged in the fastening holes, and the heat insulation cover is fixedly connected with the top cover through the bolts. A cooling cavity is formed in the heat insulation cover in a hollow mode, the cooling cavity is filled with cooling liquid, a water inlet and a water outlet are formed in the back face of the heat insulation cover, the water inlet and the water outlet are communicated with the cavity, and the water inlet and the water outlet are connected with an external heat dissipation water tank. Heat generated by the engine can be effectively absorbed, meanwhile, the ventilation structure on the top cover is combined, air convection is formed, the heat dissipation effect is further enhanced, the temperature of the surrounding environment of the engine is effectively reduced, and normal operation of the engine is guaranteed.

The invention discloses an adhesive hydrogel / high-moisture-absorption carbon fiber felt composite material and a preparation method and application thereof.According to the adhesive hydrogel / high-moisture-absorption carbon fiber felt composite material and the preparation method and application thereof, needled carbon fiber felt with high out-of-plane thermal conductivity serves as a base material, and the out-of-plane thermal conductivity of the needled carbon fiber felt is improved by increasing the needling density and improving the orientation degree of carbon fibers in the out-of-plane direction. A three-dimensional skeleton structure formed by the flatly laid fiber net in the needled carbon fiber felt and the fiber bundles in the thickness direction is beneficial to avoiding the leakage problem in the moisture absorption process, adsorbed water is stably bound in a fiber skeleton, and the needled carbon fiber felt shows huge potential in the aspect of battery heat dissipation application. The adhesive hydrogel / high-moisture-absorption carbon fiber felt composite material prepared by the invention has high out-of-plane thermal conductivity, leakage resistance and high adhesion, has excellent heat dissipation performance and thermal stability, and can keep shape stability in high-temperature and ultralow-temperature environments.

The application belongs to the technical field of electromagnetic shielding materials, and particularly relates to a flexible phase change material with heat-conducting insulation and electromagnetic shielding performance, and a preparation method and application thereof. The method comprises the following steps: dispersing silver nanowires in ethanol, and then performing vacuum filtration to obtain a silver nanowire film; dissolving polystyrene in a mixed solution of tetrahydrofuran and water, then adding boron nitride fillers to mix, obtaining a slurry, then pouring the slurry onto the surface of the silver nanowire film, and standing to obtain a functional carrier film; and finally, immersing the functional carrier film and the phase change material in a vacuum oven to obtain the flexible phase change material. The preparation method is simple and convenient to operate, each step adopts conventional experimental equipment and process, and does not need complex special equipment, which is beneficial to reducing production cost and improving production efficiency. The prepared phase change material is integrally formed without layering, avoids layering damage caused by performance difference between layers, further guarantees application stability, and is beneficial to realizing long-term stable use.

The invention provides a 4D printing PLA / TPU composite material based on cold crystallization as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The composite material is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 50 to 100 percent of polylactic acid and 0 to 50 percent of thermoplastic polyurethane. The preparation method comprises the following steps: carrying out vacuum drying treatment on polylactic acid and thermoplastic polyurethane, uniformly mixing according to a ratio, putting into a double-screw extruder, and carrying out melt blending, extrusion and molding to obtain the composite filament. The composite filament meets the material requirements of fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing, and is used for preparing 3D models such as intelligent structures and orthotics. The 3D model shows excellent shape memory performance, high mechanical strength and crystallization capacity. A 3D printing technology is utilized to construct a three-dimensional model, and a cold crystallization process and a 4D printing technology are combined, so that the PLA / TPU composite material can realize transformation from a temporary shape to a second permanent shape under external stimulation, and has an intelligent response function.

The invention relates to the technical field of thermal interface materials, in particular to a carbon fiber reinforced heat-conducting phase-change composite material which comprises a carbon fiber felt, a phase-change material, a thermoplastic elastomer, an antioxidant and spherical aluminum oxide. The carbon fiber reinforced heat-conducting phase-change composite material prepared by the method has the advantages of high heat conductivity, high tensile stress, compressibility, high reliability and the like, has no obvious pumping-out and creep problems after being used as a thermal interface material for a long time, and can be applied to the fields of high-power integrated circuit heat dissipation, servers, communication, military industry, aerospace and the like.

The invention provides a home textile blending material convenient to clean and a production process and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of blending material preparation. The preparation process comprises the following steps: preparing the composite antibacterial agent; preparing the antibacterial modified polyester fiber; preparing a hydrophobic and oleophobic nano particle dispersion liquid; preparing a hydrophobic and oleophobic finishing agent; the preparation of the clean blending material is convenient. The antibacterial modified polyester fibers in the blended material are subjected to a special preparation process, so that color fading caused by a chemical reaction due to contact with water, a detergent and the like in a washing process is not easy to occur. Meanwhile, the polyester fibers have good chemical stability, high washability and low probability of color fading, and the polyester fibers in the blended material are not easy to fade; cotton fibers; the antibacterial modified polyester fiber and the blended yarn blended with the carbon fiber are blended together and complement each other, so that the blended material can still keep good shape stability after being washed for multiple times.

The utility model discloses an anti-bending buffer cable which comprises a composite outer sheath layer, a composite buffer layer is arranged in the composite outer sheath layer, the composite buffer layer is composed of an elastic buffer body and a reinforcing support layer, an anti-bending reinforcing layer is arranged in the composite buffer layer, and the anti-bending reinforcing layer is composed of an elastic buffer body and a reinforcing support layer. The anti-bending reinforcing layer is composed of reinforcing fibers and supporting grids, a composite insulating layer is arranged in the anti-bending reinforcing layer, and a cable core is arranged in the composite insulating layer, so that the problem that the cable core is damaged due to the fact that bending force is easy to permeate into the cable due to lack of buffering among functional layers of the cable is solved.

The invention provides a die-free and die multi-step spinning forming method for a thin-wall rotary body component, and aims to simplify the spinning process of a large component. According to the method, firstly, a plate is pre-formed through dieless spinning, a single pass or multiple passes can be flexibly set, and intermediate heat treatment is introduced when necessary; and finally, the die spinning of the final pass is completed on the only one set of core die, and the forming precision is ensured. According to the method, the die replacement and debugging cost is reduced, the manufacturing cost is greatly reduced, the production period is greatly shortened, and the method is particularly suitable for manufacturing components such as rocket fuel storage tanks in the aerospace field with strict requirements for bearing performance, shape precision and light weight.

The application discloses intelligent temperature-regulating aluminum honeycomb composite board based on phase change material and a manufacturing process thereof, and relates to the field of building energy saving.The phase change material provided by the application is prepared from graphene composite cellulose and hydroxyethyl methacrylate as raw materials, and is formed through freezing forming, freeze drying and heat crosslinking treatment to form composite cellulose aerogel, and then vacuum impregnation of polyethylene glycol is carried out; the graphene composite cellulose is prepared by reaction of amino cellulose, epoxy functionalized graphene and epoxidized polymer, so that the heat conduction path of graphene and the rigidity and heat-resistant structure of polymer are synchronously introduced; the phase change material is filled in the aluminum honeycomb board, and then compression is carried out to obtain the intelligent temperature-regulating composite board.The phase change material prepared by the application has low leakage rate, high thermal conductivity and excellent mechanical properties, and is suitable for the field of building energy saving.

The invention discloses an organic-inorganic hybrid cold storage brine nanocapsule and a preparation method thereof. Firstly, organic-inorganic hybrid cold storage brine is formed through interaction of ion dipoles, hydrogen bonds cooperate with self-assembly, and the cold storage brine nano-cluster is prepared. And then preparing the organic-inorganic hybrid cold storage brine nano-cluster through hydrogen bond synergistic self-assembly. Then adopting static electricity to enable the inorganic nanowires to adsorb and wrap the phase change main body, and constructing the radial heat conduction reinforced organic-inorganic hybrid cold storage brine nanocluster through static electricity induced self-assembly. And finally, preparing the organic-inorganic hybrid cold storage brine nanocapsule through in-situ electrostatic wrapping. The preparation process is simple, and the prepared material has the advantages of high enthalpy value, high thermal conductivity, high strength, good shape stability and cycling stability, environmental friendliness and the like.

Provided are a novel joined article having excellent shape stability, a novel substrate, a novel method for producing a joined article, and a novel method for producing a substrate. The joined article includes: a resin (1) having a linear expansion coefficient at 30°C to 200°C of 17 ppm / °C or higher and a thickness of 5 to 100 um; and a metal joined to a surface of the resin (1) and having a thickness of 5 to 50 um. The joined article has a curvature of -40 to 40 / m.

Provided is a culture material and a culture tool, which allow to culture, cells, etc. to form a spheroid. A culture material for culturing cells, a tissue, or an organ on a culture surface thereof, the culture material containing a 4-methyl-1-pentene polymer (X), having a water contact angle of the culture surface of more than 100° and 160° or less, and having an oxygen permeability at a temperature of 23°C and humidity of 0% of 4500 to 90000 cm3 / (m2×24h×atm).