The invention discloses an accelerating and loading device for an indoor test of road surface materials. The accelerating and loading device comprises a thermostat, an operating desk, a tire, a motor, a transmission belt, a revolution indicator, a water pump, a water tank, a sprinkler head, a temperature sensor, a circulating air inlet, a circulating air outlet, a noise detector, a hydraulic device, a test specimen fastening module, a tension-compression type sensor, a self-lifting type testing wheel, a support wheel, a laser constructor and a computer, wherein the thermostat is positioned at the left side of a test device, the operating desk is positioned at the right lower side of the outer wall of the test device, the tire is positioned at the upper side of the thermostat, and the operating desk comprises a master switch, a rapid stop key, an accelerating operating desk, a loading operating desk, a temperature-control operating desk, a noise display, a water pump switch, a water pump operating knob and a motor switch. The accelerating and loading device for the indoor test of road surface materials is simple, applicable and reliable in operation, and can accurately simulate and detect the noise conditions, the anti-slide properties of test specimens and the mass loss rates of the test specimens of different road surface materials in environments of different temperatures, under different slippery degrees and under different loading effects.