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This invention discloses the application of a carbon-modified noble metal catalyst in the low-temperature combustion of propane or mixed alkanes. The carbon-modified noble metal catalyst is prepared by adding sodium hydroxide solution dropwise to a cerium salt solution, mixing, and reacting to obtain a cerium dioxide support. The cerium dioxide support is then impregnated in an equal volume of noble metal salt solution, dried, and calcined. The calcined product and glucose are added to deionized water, mixed, and subjected to a hydrothermal reaction, followed by drying and calcination to obtain the final product. In this invention, carbon species exist in the form of doping or interstitial filling, inducing lattice distortion and a high concentration of surface oxygen vacancies in the support, significantly improving the mobility of lattice oxygen and the reactivity. Simultaneously, the interfacial carbon species optimize the microelectronic environment of the active center through strong electron interactions, maintaining the low valence state of Ru and the metallic states of Pt and Pd. This catalyst effectively avoids the shielding effect of the carbon layer and exhibits excellent catalytic combustion activity and stability for propane and mixed alkanes at low temperatures.