The invention relates to the technical field of belt conveying, and discloses a roller mechanism capable of preventing a belt from being torn and damaged, the roller mechanism comprises the belt, and a roller is movably mounted on the inner side of the belt. Through the arrangement of telescopic rods and deflection plates, the belt makes contact with the roller, so that the belt exerts extrusion force on the deflection plates, then the telescopic rods are driven to inwards compress the large elastic pieces, the extruded deflection plates form protrusions on the surface of the roller, and the protrusions are attached to the belt all the time due to the elastic force of the large elastic pieces, so friction force between the roller and the belt is increased, and the belt is prevented from slipping and the working efficiency of the belt is prevented from being affected. Then, when the deflection plates are separated from the belt, the large elastic pieces drive the telescopic rods to reset, then the deflection plates are made to move outwards, the materials in the area are pushed into a collecting groove through the deflection plates moving outwards, the materials are prevented from entering the position between the roller and the belt for the second time, and meanwhile, the reset telescopic rods can drive the piston rod to reset, so that recycling of the device is achieved.