The invention discloses a core-shell structure silt solidification unsintered ceramisite and a preparation method thereof. The core-shell structure silt solidification unsintered ceramisite is composed of a core material and a shell material, wherein the core material is compose of, by weight percentage, 13.00-13.49% of phosphate, 11.46-12.27% of overburnt magnesium oxide, 3.07-5.52% of coal ash,3.05-3.68% of silica fume, 33.12-32.51% of dried silt, 0.012-0.025% of light particles, 3.052-3.078% of borax, 1.22-1.23% of naphthalene water reducer and 29.44-30.67% of water; the shell material iscomposed of, by weight percentage, 44.90-48.79% of ordinary Portland cement, 5.10-9.04% of silica fume, 0.51-0.60% of sodium carbonate, 0.51-0.60% of sodium sulfate, 0.005-0.006% of HPMC (hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose), 1.015-3.624% of acrylic emulsion, 1.02-1.20% of naphthalene water reducer and 36.14-45.92% of water. The core-shell structure silt solidification unsintered ceramisite is prepared through core material balling, shell material coating and heating curing. Meanwhile, the core-shell structure silt solidification unsintered ceramisite is green, energy-efficient, low in water absorbency, good in degree of sphericity and simple in process and avoids the shortcomings of high energy consumption and emission of sintered ceramisites and high manufacturing prices and maintenance costof a rotary kiln.