The invention discloses an indoor air quality detection device, which comprises a casing, the bottom of the casing is provided with feet, the top of the casing is provided with a handle, one side of the casing is provided with a display screen, and the inner wall of the bottom of the casing is provided with several Slide rail 1 and several slide rails 2. There is a detection chamber inside the housing, a cooling layer is provided outside the detection chamber, a water outlet pipe is provided at the bottom of the cooling layer, a condenser is provided at one end of the water outlet pipe, and a water pump is connected at one end of the condenser. There is a sliding mechanism 2 on the side, and the sliding mechanism 2 includes a fixed block. One end of the fixed plate is provided with a spring, and one end of the spring is provided with a ball. The detection chamber is equipped with a detection unit, a central processing unit, a memory, a wireless signal transceiver and a power supply, and a detection unit. There are formaldehyde detectors, benzene content detectors, dust detectors, odor detectors, temperature sensors and humidity sensors inside. The device has a simple structure, is convenient and quick to use, has good heat dissipation and cooling capacity, is convenient to install and disassemble for cleaning, and has a more comprehensive detection capability.