The invention discloses a preparation method of a low-density thermoplastic polyimide micro-foamed material. In the preparation method of the low-density thermoplastic polyimide micro-foamed material, when thermoplastic polyimide is physically foamed by taking one or more of high-pressure fluids CO2, N2, HFC and HCFC as a physical foaming agent and by taking one or more of tetrahydrofuran, chloroform, ethanol, methanol, acetone, pyridine, N-methyl-pyrrolidone, and N, N-dimethylformamide as an organic co-solvent, the high pressure fluid and the organic solvent are kept in high-pressure saturated states in a polyimide sheet, and then, the saturated polyimide sheet is foamed in a high-temperature oil bath. The obtained polyimide micro-foamed sheet is a light-weight and low-density material, is smooth in surface, soft in texture, free of powder dropping in the using process, uniform in cell structure, high in cell density and excellent in tensile property, and is a foamed material with a wide application prospect.