The invention discloses a rapid super-resolution blood flow imaging method based on an ultrasound microbubble contrast agent. By means of the method, the problem of low blood flow imaging resolution caused by an ultrasonic diffraction limit is mainly solved, and meanwhile super-resolution imaging is accelerated. The method includes the steps that 1, the contrast agent is injected, and ultrasonic video is collected; 2, the video is pretreated, and noise and background tissue are inhibited; 3, moving correction is conducted on the pretreated video; 4, image interpolation is conducted; 5, the center of a microbubble is computed frame by frame by means of a microbubble matching filter; 6, the central position of the microbubble in all frames is recorded; 7, the occurrence frequency of the microbubble in each pixel is counted, and a blood flow super-resolution image is formed by means of gray value. According to the rapid super-resolution blood flow imaging method based on the ultrasound microbubble contrast agent, the blood flow super-resolution image with the resolution exceeding that of traditional ultrasound contrast is formed in short time, more abundant blood flow details are provided for a doctor, and the method assists the doctor in clinical diagnosis.