96 results about "Equilibrium constant" patented technology

A method of seating a fluid reservoir in a housing of a fluid infusion device is presented here. The method is performed prior to establishing an outgoing fluid flow path from the fluid reservoir. The method begins by detecting insertion of the fluid reservoir into the housing of the fluid infusion device. In response to detecting the insertion, the method determines whether the fluid reservoir is in need of depressurization. When the fluid reservoir is in need of depressurization, the drive motor assembly of the fluid infusion device is rewound to depressurize the fluid reservoir. After depressurizing the fluid reservoir, an equalization state for the fluid reservoir is achieved. After achieving the equilibrium state, the drive motor assembly is advanced to obtain an initial seated state for the fluid reservoir.

Embodiments of the technology relate to a contact lens having a core that is coated by a hydrogel layer, and to methods of making such a lens. The coated lens can include a rigid gas permeable contact lens. The coated lens can also include a hybrid silicone and rigid gas permeable contact lens. In one aspect, embodiments provide for a coated contact lens comprising a lens core with a water equilibrium constant of less than about 2% comprising an outer surface; and a hydrogel layer covalently attached to at least a portion of the outer surface, the hydrogel layer adapted to contact an ophthalmic surface, wherein the hydrogel layer comprises a hydrophilic polymer population of one or more species.

A carbonitriding method that can improve the nitrogen permeating rate to render the carbonitriding process effective includes an atmosphere control step (50), and a heating pattern control step (60). The atmosphere control step (50) includes an undecomposed NH₃ partial pressure control step (51), and a CO/CO₂ partial pressure control step (53). The undecomposed NH₃ partial pressure control step (51) and the CO/CO₂ partial pressure control step (53) are carried out in the atmosphere control step (50) such that a_c* defined by the following equation (1) is at least 0.88 and not more than 1.27, and α defined by equation (2) is at least 0.012 and not more than 0.020, where P_N is the undecomposed ammonia partial pressure and P_H is the hydrogen partial pressure in the heat treatment furnace, wherein

The invention discloses a treatment method for a rare earth phosphate rock and an enrichment method for rare earth. The treatment method comprises the following steps: mixing the rare earth phosphate rock and phosphoric acid to form mixed slurry; adding concentrated sulfuric acid into the mixed slurry in such a manner that the concentration of Ca<2+> in the mixed slurry is decreased from at least 1 wt% to the equilibrium concentration of Ca<2+> and SO4<2->, then the concentration of SO4<2-> in the mixed slurry is increased from the equilibrium concentration of Ca<2+> and SO4<2-> to at least 2 wt% and the mixed slurry is added during addition of the concentrated sulfuric acid to allow the rare earth phosphate rock to be dissolved so as to obtain hemihydrate gypsum; and subjecting the obtained hemihydrate gypsum to recrystallization to obtain dihydrate gypsum. The enrichment method for rare earth comprises a step of recovering rare earth elements from liquid obtained after recrystallization of the hemihydrate gypsum and/or liquid obtained after heating of the mixed slurry. In the process of generation of the hemihydrate gypsum, the addition speed of the concentrated sulfuric acid is controlled, and SO4<2-> in the mixed slurry is allowed to be insufficient at first and then controlled to be excess, which aids rare earth in entering into the phosphoric acid.

A power tool includes a leveling mechanism that determines horizontal or vertical planes of the power tool. The leveling mechanism has a housing with a cavity in the housing. A rotating member is in the housing. The rotating member moves in the cavity such that the rotating members seeks an equilibrium position. The equilibrium position corresponds to a horizontal or vertical plane. Electrical contacts are coupled with the rotating member such that the electrical contacts only complete an electrical circuit when the rotating member is in the equilibrium position. An indicator is electrically coupled with the electrical contacts to indicate to the user when the mechanism is in an equilibrium position. A power source is coupled with the electrical contacts and the indicator to energize the indicator when the circuit is complete.

An HCCI engine is operated by controlling a plurality of engine operating parameters in accordance with a calibration data set representing equilibrium set-points of engine operation characterized by combustion phasing that is relatively least sensitive to cylinder charge temperature deviations.

A series of ligands with site specific electron donating substituents that form a catalyst complex with a transition metal and are suitable for catalysis of atom transfer radical reactions, including ATRP are described. Faster catalysis rates were observed allowing for low catalyst concentrations and linear increases in molecular weight with monomer conversion, and narrow molecular weight distributions. Cyclic voltammetry revealed that increasing the strength and number of conjugated electron donating groups resulted in more stable complexes and larger ATRP equilibrium constants.

The invention provides a material mixing method of graphite negative electrode slurry. The graphite negative electrode slurry comprises a first graphite material, a second graphite material and a third graphite material, wherein the average grain diameter of the first graphite material is d1, the average grain diameter of the second graphite material is d2, and the average grain diameter of the third graphite material is d3, wherein d1 is smaller than d2 which is smaller than d3, and d2 is equal to k*(d1+d3); k is equal to a*(c1+c3)/(c2+0.5), wherein a is an equilibrium constant, and a is greater than or equal to 1.1 and less than or equal to 1.3; c1, c2 and c3 represent percentages of the first graphite material, the second graphite material and the third graphite material; and c1+ c2 +c3is equal to 1, and c1+c2 is less than or equal to c3. The material mixing method comprises the following steps of carrying out mixing on the first graphite material, the second graphite material andthe third graphite material to obtain three slurry materials respectively, and then enabling the three slurry materials to be mixed according to a specific sequence to obtain the graphite negative electrode slurry with high dispersion degree. The graphite negative electrode slurry disclosed by the invention is high in graphite dispersion degree, free of agglomeration, free of sedimentation, high in storage stability, high in energy density and high in rate performance.

A method for stablilizing blast furnace operation based on balancing point is used in blast furnace ironmaking field. Blast furnace is controlled utilizing balance point in the invention. Firstly, choosing blast furnace spot data and denoting blast furnace balance point using multiplication of theoretical burning temperature bosh coal gas volume, then determining balance point influencing factor, using determined balance point influencing factor as input value, balance point as output value and choosing blast furnace spot data, learning rate being 0.30 from input layer to hidden layer, learning rate being 0.15 from hidden layer to output layer, momentum coefficient being 0.35, transformation function being tangent hyperbolic function , setting blast furnace balance point artificial nerval net prediction model, at last matching blast furnace valid data using nerval net exercise sample data, getting non-linear relationship of balance point with each blast furnace factor, controlling blast furnace according to non-linear relationship and blast furnace balance point value. Balance point data can guarantee the stable operation of blast furnace.

The present invention relates to an indicator-array-based anion detection method used for the detection of multiple anions in water. Under the circumstance of certain concentration of an organic dye, chelates of different color gradients can be obtained by adding different amounts of same metal ion, and a sensor array is constructed by different concentrations of metal chelates; with the aid of the principle that anions in a water solution can be reacted with a metal to precipitate and even further reacted to produce a complex, metal ions can be replaced from the colored chelates, and the color changes. Due to different reaction equilibrium constants of different anions and a same indicator, the purpose of distinguishing of the anions can be achieved. By use of the method, whether S<2->, F<->, Cl<->, Br<->, I<->, CrO4<2->, PO4<3->, and C2O4<2-> anions in water exceed sewage or drinking water national discharge standards can be quickly determined, and by use of cluster analysis, principal component analysis and other mathematical statistic methods, unknown anions can be qualitatively or semi-quantitatively analyzed.

The invention relates to a method for measuring the diffusion coefficient and the equilibrium concentration of CO2 in the process of diffusion from a water phase to an oil phase. According to the method, the water-phase saturated CO2 at the bottom of a U-shaped pipe is formed into saturated carbonated water; CO2 is injected into the end a of the U-shaped pipe, and crude oil is injected into the end b of the U-shaped pipe; as CO2 in the water phase diffuses to the oil phase, CO2 in the saturated carbonated water is not saturated again, and therefore, the gaseous-phase CO2 is dissolved in the carbonated water. Pressure change due to the diffusion of the CO2 to the carbonated water is measured, and then the diffusion coefficient of the CO2 during diffusion from the water phase to the oil phase and the equilibrium concentration of the CO2 in the crude oil after equilibrium can be obtained in combination with a pressure drop formula. According to the method, the method for measuring the diffusion coefficient of the CO2 in the process of diffusion from the water phase to the oil phase by use of an improved PVT pressure drop method is provided for the first time, and the method is simple to operate and clear in principle; the diffusion coefficient can be obtained without directly measuring the concentration change of CO2 in the process of diffusion from the water phase to the oil phase; the method is significant for studying the migration and distribution of CO2 between the water phase and the oil phase and guiding oil-gas field development.

A method of manufacturing a multilayer ceramic device capable of obtaining a superior multilayer ceramic device even if the number of layers increases or even if the multilayer ceramic device is upsized, and specifically suitable for manufacturing a multilayer piezoelectric device is provided. After a laminate in which ceramic precursor layers including a raw material of a ceramic layer and internal electrode precursor layers including copper metal as a raw material of an internal electrode layer are alternately stacked is formed, the laminate is heated to degrease the laminate. At this time, an atmospheric gas including an inert gas, 7 mol % to 50 mol % of water vapor, and, if necessary, hydrogen is used to adjust an oxygen partial pressure within a range of p(O₂)≦(25331×Kp)^2/3, where p(O₂) represents an oxygen partial pressure; Kp represents a water dissociation equilibrium constant; and the pressure unit is Pa. Thereby, while the oxidation of copper metal can be prevented, a binder can be sufficiently decomposed and removed, and residual carbon can be reduced.

The invention relates to a preparation method for a monoclonal antibody specifically binding vardenafil and an analog thereof. The preparation method comprises the steps of: synthesizing artificial immunizing antigens and artificial testing antigens, screening mice under immune state and the monoclonal antibody, and conducting structural specificity identification of the monoclonal antibody, specifically, mixing M-BSA with the vardenafil, regulating pH, adding a glutaraldehyde coupling agent, slowly stirring with a magnetic stirrer for reaction, dialyzing with distilled water, freezing and drying under vacuum condition, and synthesizing the artificial immunizing antigens; mixing M-OVA with the vardenafil, regulating pH, adding a glutaraldehyde coupling agent, slowly stirring with a magnetic stirrer for reaction, dialyzing with distilled water, freezing and drying under vacuum condition, and synthesizing the artificial testing antigens; and using a competitive inhibition ELISA method to detect the coasensual reaction between the monoclonal antibody and the vardenafil and piperidenafil and identifying the monoclonal antibody which has high coasensual reaction rate and can specifically bind the vardenafil and the analog thereof. The affinity equilibrium constant of the monoclonal antibody prepared by the method on the vardenafil and the analog thereof is higher than 10M.

The invention provides a refined heavy-hydrocarbon removal system for recovering LNG/LPG/NGL from petroleum associated gas, which comprises a raw material associated gas inlet pipeline, an LPG cold box, a low-temperature separator and a refined removed heavy hydrocarbon absorption tower, wherein an outlet of a lower box of the LPG cold box is connected with the refined removed heavy hydrocarbon absorption tower by a pipeline, an outlet at the bottom of the refined removed heavy hydrocarbon absorption tower is connected with a tower-bottom liquid phase pipeline, an outlet at the top of the refined removed heavy hydrocarbon absorption tower is connected with a lower middle box of the LPG cold box by a pipeline, the lower middle box is connected with the low-temperature separator by a pipeline, the bottom of the low-temperature separator is connected with an absorbent booster pump by a pipeline, and the absorbent booster pump is connected with the refined removed heavy hydrocarbon absorption tower by a pipeline. By using the characteristic that the equilibrium constants of hydrocarbon substances at different temperatures and consisting of different components are different, the system dilutes the heavy hydrocarbon content of associated gas, thereby achieving the purpose of reducing the heavy hydrocarbon content of dry gas; the temperature of associated gas is reduced two times by using the cold box so as to meet different temperature requirements of absorption and separation; and due to the adoption of the absorption tower, the precision of heavy hydrocarbon removal is improved.

A method for producing hydrogen including the steps of supplying a raw material gas from a gas inlet of a reactor tube; producing a gas mixture containing hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide by a reforming reaction and a shift reaction; recovering, from a discharge outlet of a separator tube, hydrogen being isolated by passing through a permselective membrane into the separator tube from the gas mixture; and discharging other gas components incapable of passing through the permselective membrane from a gas outlet of the reactor. Hydrogen is produced under conditions where α defined by the following equation is in the range of 0.4 to 100:

α={(CO₂)/(CO)²}/K

• • wherein (CO₂) and (CO) denote the partial pressures of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide at the gas outlet and K denotes the equilibrium constant of the disproportionation reaction of carbon monoxide at the internal temperature of the reactor tube.

The invention relates to the separation of at least one target from a sample composition using a naturally reversible reaction comprising the formation of at least one covalent bond. One embodiment of the invention is a chromatographic method in which the affinity of a stationary phase for at least one target is based on the equilibrium constant of such a naturally reversible reaction between the stationary phase and the target.

A process for reducing fluorosurfactant content of a stabilized fluorosurfactant-containing aqueous fluoropolymer dispersion containing ferric ions by contacting the fluoropolymer dispersion with strong base anion exchange resin to reduce fluorosurfactant content to a predetermined level, the anion exchange resin being in the hydroxide form, separating the dispersion from the anion exchange resin, and adding an effective amount of chelating agent having an equilibrium constant when complexed with iron of at least 10¹⁸ prior to the contacting with the ion exchange resin for complexing ferric ions to prevent scum formation.