170 results about "Field shaping" patented technology

In embodiments of the present invention improved capabilities are described for a method and system comprising a source resonator optionally coupled to an energy source and a second resonator located a distance from the source resonator, where the source resonator and the second resonator are coupled to provide near-field wireless energy transfer among the source resonator and the second resonator and where the field of at least one of the source resonator and the second resonator is shaped to avoid a loss-inducing object.

The invention concerns an illumination system, particularly for microlithography with wavelengths <=193 nm, comprising a light source, a first optical component, a second optical component, an image plane and an exit pupil. The first optical component transforms the light source into a plurality of secondary light sources being imaged by the second optical component in said exit pupil. The first optical component comprises a first optical element having a plurality of first raster elements, which are imaged into said image plane producing a plurality of images being superimposed at least partially on a field in said image plane. The first raster elements deflect incoming ray bundles with first deflection angles, wherein at least two of the first deflection angles are different. The first raster elements are preferably rectangular, wherein the field is a segment of an annulus. To transform the rectangular images of the first raster elements into the segment of the annulus, the second optical component comprises a first field mirror for shaping the field to the segment of the annulus.

In embodiments of the present invention improved capabilities are described for a method and system comprising a first resonator coupled to an energy source generating a field having magnetic material, and a second resonator located a variable distance from the source resonator having magnetic material and not connected by any wire or shared magnetic material to the first resonator, where the source resonator and the second resonator are coupled to provide near-field wireless energy transfer among the source resonator and the second resonator, and where the field of at least one of the source resonator and the second resonator is shaped using magnetic materials to increase the coupling factor among the resonators.

In embodiments of the present invention improved capabilities are described for a method and system comprising a first resonator optionally coupled to an energy source and a second resonator located a variable distance from the source resonator and not connected by any wires to the first resonator, where the first resonator and the second resonator are coupled to provide near-field wireless energy transfer among the first resonator and the second resonator, and where the field of at least one of the first resonator and the second resonator is shaped to increase the coupling factor among the resonators.

The approximate radius of curvature of the spherical phase front at the aperture of a transmitting microwave antenna is controlled by an inner section of the aperture attached to the outer section of the aperture by a small number of programmable transducers, thereby controlling the near field shape and power distribution of the transmitted beam.

Various embodiments of the present invention provide methods and systems for deterministic calculation of radiation doses, delivered to specified volumes within human tissues and organs, and specified areas within other organisms, by external and internal radiation sources. Embodiments of the present invention provide for creating and optimizing computational mesh structures for deterministic radiation transport methods. In general these approaches seek to both improve solution accuracy and computational efficiency. Embodiments of the present invention provide methods for planning radiation treatments using deterministic methods. The methods of the present invention may also be applied for dose calculations, dose verification, and dose reconstruction for many different forms of radiotherapy treatments, including: conventional beam therapies, intensity modulated radiation therapy (“IMRT”), proton, electron and other charged particle beam therapies, targeted radionuclide therapies, brachytherapy, stereotactic radiosurgery (“SRS”), Tomotherapy®; and other radiotherapy delivery modes. The methods may also be applied to radiation-dose calculations based on radiation sources that include linear accelerators, various delivery devices, field shaping components, such as jaws, blocks, flattening filters, and multi-leaf collimators, and to many other radiation-related problems, including radiation shielding, detector design and characterization; thermal or infrared radiation, optical tomography, photon migration, and other problems.

In an electrochemical reactor used for electrochemical treatment of a substrate, for example, for electroplating or electropolishing the substrate, one or more of the surface area of a field-shaping shield, the shield's distance between the anode and cathode, and the shield's angular orientation is varied during electrochemical treatment to screen the applied field and to compensate for potential drop along the radius of a wafer. The shield establishes an inverse potential drop in the electrolytic fluid to overcome the resistance of a thin film of conductive metal on the wafer.

S-band, C-band or X-band microwave powered linear accelerators capable of delivering therapeutic photon and electron beams are mounted to a gantry with extensions to hold multiple accelerators and are combined with a kV CT for 3-D conformal—IMRT and IGRT to treat a patient by SSD or SAD methods and in a full circle. The invention's tertiary collimator system consists of semi-automated reusable custom field shaping with tungsten powder or melted Cerrobend blocks. The beam's intensity modulation is by means of simultaneous but independently operating multiple accelerators. This system's multiple accelerators enable to avoid interrupted subfractionated radiation therapy to each treatment fields. Hence its effective dose rate at the tumor site is high. The improved radiobiology reduces the total radiation dose to treat a tumor, reducing the incidence of developing second primary tumors is also minimized.

A medical accelerator system consisting of coplanar and non-coplanar beams, on line magnetic resonance anatomic and functional imaging and cone beam computed tomographic imaging for single session image guided all field simultaneous radiation therapy and radiosurgery is provided. This system enables single session simulation, field-shaping block making, treatment planning, dose calculations and treatment of tumors. The radiation exposure time to the tumor and the normal tissue is reduced to a few seconds to less than a minute. In filed intensity modulated radiation is rendered by combined divergent and pencil beam, multiple smaller fields within a larger field, selectively varying beam's energy, dose rate and beam weight. Since all the treatment fields are treated simultaneously the dose rate at the tumor site is the sum of each of the converging beam's dose rate at depth. This super-high biological dose rate impairs the lethal and sublethal damage repair.

The photonic mixer comprises a couple of an injecting contact region (3,4) for injecting the majority carrier current into the semiconductor substrate (1) and a detector region (7,8) for collecting the photocurrent. The injecting contact region (3,4) is doped with a dopant of the first conductivity type (p+) at a higher dopant concentration than the semiconductor substrate (1). The detector region (7,8) is doped with a dopant of a second conductivity type (n+) opposite the first conductivity type and has a junction (11,12) with the semiconductor substrate (1), a zone of the semiconductor substrate (1) around said junction (11,12) being a depleted substrate zone (101, 102). The couple further comprises a field shaping zone (13, 14) of the first conductivity type (p−) defining a lateral edge of the couple and having a dopant concentration higher than the dopant concentration of the semiconductor substrate (1), for example between the dopant concentrations of the semiconductor substrate (1) and the injecting contact region (3,4), which field shaping zone (13, 14) is designed to limit said depleted substrate zone (101, 102) laterally.

Various embodiments of the present invention provide processes for applying deterministic radiation transport solution methods for calculating doses and predicting scatter in radiotherapy and imaging applications. One method embodiment of the present invention is a process for using deterministic methods to calculate dose distributions resulting from radiotherapy treatments, diagnostic imaging, or industrial sterilization, and for calculating image scatter for the purposes of image reconstruction. In one embodiment of the present invention, a method provides a means for transport of external radiation sources through field-shaping devices. In another embodiment of the present invention, a method includes a process for calculating the dose response at selected points and volumes prior to radiotherapy treatment planning.

Described herein are Transcranial Magnetic Simulation (TMS) systems and methods of using them for emitting focused, or shaped, magnetic fields for TMS. In particular, described herein are arrays of TMS electromagnets comprising at least one primary (e.g., central) TMS electromagnet and a plurality of secondary (e.g., lateral or surrounding) TMS electromagnets. The secondary TMS electromagnets are arranged around the primary TMS electromagnet(s), and are typically configured to be synchronously fired with the primary TMS electromagnets. Secondary TMS electromagnets may be fired at a fraction of the power used to energize the primary TMS electromagnet to shape the resulting magnetic field. The secondary TMS electromagnets may be stimulated at opposite polarity to the primary TMS electromagnet(s). Focusing in this manner may prevent or reduce stimulation of adjacent non-target brain regions.

Embodiments described herein include a display device having a capacitive sensing device, a processing system and a method for detecting presence of an input object using a capacitive sensing device. In one embodiment, the display device includes a plurality of sensor electrodes, a field shaping electrode, and a processing system. Each sensor electrode includes at least one common electrode. Dimensions of each sensor electrode correspond to dimension of pixel elements of the display device. The field shaping electrode is disposed between two of the plurality of sensor electrodes. Dimensions of the field shaping electrode correspond to the dimension of pixel elements of the display device. The field shaping electrode is laterally spaced apart from the two sensor electrodes a distance corresponding to dimensions of the pixel elements. The processing system is coupled to the sensor electrodes and the field shaping electrode. The processing system is configured to, in a first processing mode, drive a transmitter signal onto a first sensor electrode of the sensor electrodes and receiving a resulting signal with the first sensor electrode of the sensor electrodes comprising effects corresponding to the transmitter signal.

Provided are a high voltage semiconductor device in which a field shaping layer is formed on the entire surface of a semiconductor substrate and a method of fabricating the same. Specifically, the high voltage semiconductor device includes a first conductivity-type semiconductor substrate. A second conductivity-type semiconductor layer is disposed on a surface of the semiconductor substrate, and a first conductivity-type body region is formed in semiconductor layer. A second conductivity-type source region is formed in the body region. A drain region is formed in the semiconductor layer and is separated from the body region. The field shaping layer is formed on the entire surface of the semiconductor layer facing the semiconductor layer.

The invention provides an intensity-modulated sub-field optimization method based on the gradient method and the floodfill algorithm. The method comprises steps of firstly establishing an optimization model according to conditions of information of targets and endangered organs, beam parameters and dosage (size) constraints and initializing an initial sub-field of each radiation field; secondly, by adopting the gradient method, optimizing sub-field weight and obtaining an intensity gradient on a radiation field; thirdly, based on the intensity gradient, by using the floodfill algorithm, calculating a new sub-field shape of the corresponding radiation field; and at last, returning to the step 2 until existing the optimization. According to the invention, solving speed is quick; optimization effects are favorable; the algorithm is stable; and robustness is high.

An efficiency enhancing anode-magnetic structure of a Hall effect thruster produces a radially directed magnetic field between inner and outer poles at the exit portion of a gas distribution channel. The field-shaping structure includes magnetic material extending alongside the channel with an associated secondary flux-generating component to create an axially directed magnetic field in the area between the anode of the thruster and the exit portion of the gas distribution channel.

An apparatus is provided for focusing electrons being emitted from a field emission device. The apparatus comprises a substrate (12,41,51) having first and second portions, and a cathode metal layer (20,44,52) formed over the substrate (12,41,51) in the first portion to partially define a sidewall (23) for a trench (25) in the second portion. A ballast layer (22,46,53) is formed over the substrate (12,41,51) in the second portion, the cathode metal layer (20,44,52), and the sidewall (23). A first dielectric layer (24,47,54) is formed over the ballast layer (22,46,53) in the first portion. A gate extraction metal layer (26,48,55) is formed over the first dielectric layer. At least one emitter (30) comprising a high aspect ratio conductive material is formed above the substrate and in the trench (25) having a sidewall (23) defined by the first dielectric layer (24,47,54) and the cathode metal layer (20,44,52). The ballast layer (22,46,53) extends along the sidewall and conductively contacts the cathode metal layer and the at least one emitter. An anode (32) is positioned to receive electrons from the at least one emitter (30). The ballast layer (22,46,53) provides a force that counteracts the sidewise pull of the gate extraction metal layer (26,48,55).

An electric stimulator for heart, brain, organs and general cells with a possibly random shape and position of electrodes which enhances its performance for breaking the symmetry. Two types of electrodes are introduced: type-1, or active electrodes are similar to prior art, while type-2, or passive electrodes have not been used in this context. Passive electrodes are electrically insulated, being unable to inject current in the surrounding medium, but they are capable of shaping the electric field, which has consequence on the path of the stimulating currents injected by type-1 electrodes. The invention also discloses a supercapacitor-type passive electrode of type-2, which maximizes the stored charge on the electrode—therefore increasing the electric field magnitude created by it.

Small form-factor ion flow fluid movers that provide electrostatically operative surfaces in a flow channel adjacent to an emitter electrode, but upstream of a collector electrode or electrodes, can shape operative electric fields and influence ion flows in ways that accentuate downstream flow while minimizing upstream ion migration. In some cases, dielectric surfaces (or even electrically isolated conductive surfaces) along a flow channel adjacent to an emitter electrode can be configured to collect and retain an initial population of generated ions and thereafter electrostatically repel further ions. Depending on the configuration of such dielectric or electrically isolated conductive surfaces, these repelling electrostatic forces may dissuade ion migration or flow from sensitive but closely proximate components and / or may shape fields to enhance ion flows in a desired downstream direction.

A semiconductor device includes a source region, a drain region, a gate region, and a drift region. The drift region further includes an active drift region and inactive floating charge control (FCC) regions. The active drift region conducts current between the source region and the drain region when voltage is applied to the gate region. The inactive FCC regions, which field-shape the active drift region to improve breakdown voltage, are vertically stacked in the drift region and are separated by the active drift region. Vertically stacking the inactive FCC regions reduce on-resistance while maintaining higher breakdown voltages.

Systems, devices, and methods for field shaping in wearable heads-up displays (WHUD) with laser projectors are described. A WHUD includes a support structure carrying a laser projector, a field shaper optic, and a transparent combiner to combine the projected laser light and environmental light. The laser projector generates a laser light having a field. The laser light is scanned through the field shaper optic and over the transparent combiner. The field shaper optic heterogeneously varies the focal length of the laser light depending on the laser light properties to alter the field of the laser light to approximately match a shape of the transparent combiner. The transparent combiner redirects the laser light to a field of view of a user to create a focused image at an eye of the user.

The present invention relates to supersonic focusing phase control array method to form large focus domain. Heat field shape is set based on the size and shape of the target tissue, and the supersonic focusing phase control array transducer has its element exciting signal phases and amplitudes regulated to generate various modes of multiple focus supersonic field distribution, so as to form required focus domain shape and size, provide supersonic energy for heating the target tissue and form intracorporeal local stereo heating region up to 30 mm. For even larger target tissue, the divisional synthesis mode is adopted. The formed multiple focus supersonic field may be exchanged or rotated to ensure homogeneous heat distribution. The present invention makes it possible to realize shaped directional heating of deep body target tissue, and this provides the technological foundation for the treating technology of directional opening of heat sensitive liposome and the heat synergistic effect of carried heat sensitive medicine.

Provided is a field shaping multi-well detector and method of fabrication thereof. The detector is configured by depositing a pixel electrode on a substrate, depositing a first dielectric layer, depositing a first conductive grid electrode layer on the first dielectric layer, depositing a second dielectric layer on the first conductive grid electrode layer, depositing a second conductive grid electrode layer on the second dielectric layer, depositing a third dielectric layer on the second conductive grid electrode layer, depositing an etch mask on the third dielectric layer. Two pillars are formed by etching the third dielectric layer, the second conductive grid electrode layer, the second dielectric layer, the first conductive grid electrode layer, and the first dielectric layer. A well between the two pillars is formed by etching to the pixel electrode, without etching the pixel electrode, and the well is filled with a-Se.

The invention relates to the field of precision instruments, in particular to a phase grating displacement sensor, which achieves displacement detection function by projecting Moire fringes formed by a scale grating and an indication grating to a field-shaped photoelectric receiving element, outputting four-phase signals with phase difference of 90 degrees and forming an ideal Lissajous circle. In order to improve performance, a high-power fine electronic division encrypting circuit also can be added to carry out high-power fine division for the four-phase signals so as to achieve the measurement resolution needed by a system; and a measuring bar can be provided with a measuring bar motion system applying the air damping principle to improve the stability and reliability. The applied displacement measuring system has the advantages of simple structure, convenient adjustment, strong capability of receiving signals, stability and high precision, and can correct error in real time.

A method of processing material of device elements by laser interaction is disclosed. According to one aspect, the method includes generating a pulsed laser processing output along a laser beam axis, the output including a plurality of laser pulses triggered sequentially at times determined by a pulse repetition rate. A trajectory relative to locations of device elements to be processed is generated. A position of one or more designated device elements relative to an intercept point position on the trajectory at one or more laser pulse times is determined, and a laser beam is deflected based on the predicted position within a predetermined deflection range. According to some aspects, the predetermined deflection range may correspond to a compass rose or cruciform field shape. As a result, a deflection accuracy for laser processing may be improved.

The invention provides an optimization method and an optimization system for adaptive radiotherapy. The method comprises the following steps that: an initial anatomical structure of a patient is determined; an initial scheme applicable to initial irradiation is determined on the basis of the initial anatomical structure; fluence map optimization is carried out according to the initial anatomical structure to obtain fluence map distribution; before each time of multi-time irradiation, a current anatomical structure of the patient is determined, and the fluence map optimization is carried out according to the current anatomical structure to obtain the fluence map distribution of the current time irradiation; the fluence map distribution of the current time irradiation and the fluence map distribution of the reference irradiation are registered to obtain a deformation matrix, wherein the reference irradiation is any one irradiation before the current time irradiation; the deformation matrix is used for correcting the sub field shape of the reference irradiation to obtain the sub field shape of the current time irradiation; and a sub field weight optimization algorithm is adopted for determining the sub field weight of the current time irradiation. The optimization method and the optimization system can more precisely and fast determine the sub field shape in the multi-time radiotherapy scheme.