The invention relates to a preparation method of a damping material used for installing a draught fan. The preparation method comprises the following steps: 1, putting nanometer carbon black, silica sol and addition agents into waterborne polyurethane latex, conducting ultrasonic treatment, and obtaining composite emulsion for standby application; 2, conducting mixing, grinding and dispersing on expanded vermiculite, cristobalite, bentonite and 3-phenyl-2-propyl acrylate for 2-2.5 h, mixing the obtained materials with other residual materials, stirring the mixture evenly and sufficiently, putting the mixture into a twin-screw extruder, conducting prilling by fusing and extrusion at the temperature ranging from 180 DEG C to 190 DEG C, and obtaining modified master batches; 3, putting the modified master batches into a screw extruder for being fused, spraying the flux out through a melting-spraying die head spinning orifice at the temperature ranging from 230 DEG C to 250 DEG C, stretching the flux under the effect of high-speed hot air flow, putting the flux into a receiving device, and after the composite emulsion is solidified and dried completely, obtaining the finished damping material. The phenolic resin damping material wrapped by expanded vermiculite-polyurethane composite emulsion which is obtained through preparation is low in mass, small in thickness and quite good in damping effect.