The invention discloses a rapid measurement method of an LED light distribution curve. The method comprises the following steps that: (1), a pixel coordinate of an image formed by an image sensor and an LED luminous intensity space coordinate are calibrated, thereby realizing one-to-one mapping of LED luminous intensities and exit angles; (2), the image sensor shoots an LED light spot image formed on a receiving screen and a non-LED-light-spot receiving screen background image and a computer reads the images to light distribution curve measurement software; (3), image subtraction is carried out to deduct background interference information; (4), Gamma correction is carried out on images with background deduction; (5), gravity center marking is carried out on the images after Gamma correction; (6), pixel point gray values of horizontal bands where the image gravity centers are located are extracted; (7), light intensity correction is carried out; (8), a light distribution curve is drawn automatically according to a light intensity correction formula obtained by the step (7). The method has advantages of high operability, fast measurement speed, high environmental adaptation, and visual measurement result.