The invention discloses a high-temperature step combination-performance testing device for a phase-change heat storage device and a testing method. The testing device comprises a filter, a draught fan, an air discharging valve, a flow meter, an air feeding valve, an air heater, an experiment connecting pipe, the phase-change heat storage device, a cooler, six high-temperature electrically operated valves, a plurality of temperature sensors, a plurality of pressure sensors and a data collection and control system. The highest temperature of heat transferring fluid of the testing device can be 800 DEG C, and the testable range is expanded; meanwhile, the step heat-storage technology of the phase-change heat storage device can be researched, the structure is compact, testing of the real and non-steady-state condition of a solar high-temperature air collector can be achieved, and testing is more comprehensive. According to the testing device, the used heat transferring working medium is air, and the testing device is environmentally friendly and free of pollution.