82 results about "Reducing equivalent" patented technology

Biocompatible materials that have the ability to release nitric oxide (NO) in situ at the surface-blood interface when in contact with blood. The materials which may be polymers (e.g., polyurethane, poly(vinyl chloride), silicone rubbers), metals, such as stainless steel, carbon, and the like are provided with biocatalysts or biomimetic catalysts on their surface that have nitrite, nitrate, and / or nitrosothiol-reducing capability. Illustratively, the catalysts are adsorbed or immobilized at the surface of the material. The catalysts can act on endogenous nitrite, nitrate, or nitrosothiols within the blood creating a local increase in the NO levels at the surface of the material. An illustrative enzymatic biocatalyst is mammalian xanthine oxidase. In another illustrative embodiment, a biomimetic catalyst is a copper (Cu(II)-ligand complex, e.g. dibenzo[e,k]-2,3,8,9-tetraphenyl-1,4,7,10-tetraaza-cyclododeca-1,3,7,9-tetraene. In some cases, lipophilic salts of nitrite / nitrate (e.g., tridodecylmethylammonium nitrite (TDMA+NO2− / NO3−)) or certain salts of nitrosothiols can be doped within a polymer material, or an underlying polymeric film, to create a reservoir of nitrite or nitrosothiol that continuously leaks into the immobilized catalytic layer. Adequate levels of endogenous reducing equivalents are present within blood to provide catalytically-generated surface levels of NO that are above the threshold reportedly required to prevent platelet adhesion or activation.

A process for producing one or more chemical compounds comprising the steps of providing a bioelectrochemical system having an anode and a cathode separated by a membrane, the anode and the cathode being electrically connected to each other, causing oxidation to occur at the anode and causing reduction to occur at the cathode to thereby produce reducing equivalents at the cathode, providing the reducing equivalents to a culture of microorganisms, and providing carbon dioxide to the culture of microorganisms, whereby the microorganisms produce the one or more chemical compounds, and recovering the one or chemical compounds.

A multilayer ceramic electronic component having high reliability by reducing equivalent series resistance (ESR) dispersion is provided. Connectivity between internal electrodes and external electrodes is secured by introducing dummy electrodes connected to first and second terminal electrodes, to third and fourth internal electrode layers. ESR dispersion of the multilayer ceramic electronic component is reduced to obtain high reliability.

The invention discloses a structure and method for reducing the equivalent unsprung weight of a wheel electrically-driven system of a single trailing arm type suspension, which is characterized in that an elastic rubber hinge is supported on a frame, one end of a swing arm of the single trailing arm type suspension is connected with the elastic rubber hinge, and the other end of the swing arm is connected with a reducer casing; the reducer casing is connected with a sleeve of a half axle; a motor is fixedly arranged on the reducer casing, the power output end of the motor is connected with a small gear, then the small gear is meshed with the large gear, and the large gear is connected with the sleeve of the half axle; and after the gear reducing is performed, the power is outputted to a rim by the half axle so as to drive wheels. The equivalent unsprung weight is reduced by reducing the distance between the mass centre of non-concentric parts of a wheel and a central swing axis of the single trailing arm type suspension. The structure and method disclosed by the invention have the advantages of increasing the vibration frequencies of wheels, reducing the resonance, reducing the impact and vibration from road surfaces, and improving the running smoothness of vehicles.

A low dropout linear regulator with high power supply rejection ratio is characterized in that a compensation network (201) with transmission function being Zpc and the ability of reducing equivalent output capacitance of N1 node is arranged between a power supply Vdd and the output end of an error amplifier. With the adoption of the low dropout linear regulator, near-zero points on PSRR curve are effectively pushed away, the stabilization of the LOD can be kept when the PSRR property at high frequency is improved, and the problem that PSRR main zero points are too small, caused by the miller effect, is solved.

When forming sophisticated high-k metal gate electrode structures, for instance on the basis of a replacement gate approach, superior interface characteristics may be obtained on the basis of using a thermally grown base material, wherein the electrically effective thickness may be reduced on the basis of a low temperature anneal process. Consequently, the superior interface characteristics of a thermally grown base material may be provided without requiring high temperature anneal processes, as are typically applied in conventional strategies using a very thin oxide layer formed on the basis of a wet oxidation chemistry.

The invention discloses a broadband capacitive feed miniature microstrip paster antenna. A foam dielectric substrate is arranged between a microstrip dielectric substrate and an earth plate and thus the thicknesses of the dielectric substrates are increased; and an equivalent dielectric constant is reduced and a working band width of the antenna is extended. A metal short-circuit surface is loaded at an edge of one side of a radiation paster to form a standing wave structure from an open circuit to a short circuit; and the length of the antenna at the direction perpendicular to the short-circuit surface is a quarter of a wavelength. Slotting is carried out on the radiation paster and the path of an excitation current of the surface of the antenna paster is bent, thereby increasing the effective length of the antenna paster and thus reducing the resonant frequency and realizing miniaturization of the antenna at the another-dimensional dimension. Coupling and feeding are carried out by using a capacitive paster to realize good impedance matching, thereby reducing equivalent quality factors of the antenna and realizing increasing of the operating bandwidth of the antenna. According to the invention, a defect that the existing microstrip paster antenna can not consider the wide frequency band and miniaturization simultaneously can be overcome. The provided antenna has advantages of wide frequency band, low profile, small dimension, light weight, and easy processing.

A multilayer capacitor includes: a dielectric element; a pair of first internal conductors with same polarity disposed in the dielectric element to be adjacent to each other while being separated from each other by the dielectric layer; first leadout portions led out from the pair of first internal conductors respectively, one being provided for each of the first internal conductors; a pair of second internal conductors with same polarity disposed in the dielectric element to be adjacent to each other while being separated from each other by the dielectric layer; and second leadout portions led out from the pair of second internal conductors respectively, one being provided for each of the second internal conductors, wherein the first leadout portion and the second leadout portion led out respectively from the first internal conductor and the second internal conductor disposed adjacent to each other are led out to substantially the same positions in side faces facing each other of the dielectric element, respectively. Therefore, a multilayer capacitor capable of reducing equivalent series inductance to reduce voltage fluctuation of a power source of a CPU is obtained.

A wet electrolytic capacitor that includes a porous anode body containing a dielectric layer, an electrolyte, and a cathode containing a metal substrate that is abrasive blasted is provided. Abrasive blasting may accomplish a variety of different purposes. For example, it may result in a surface that is substantially uniform and macroscopically smooth, thereby increasing the consistency of conductive coatings formed thereon. While possessing a certain degree of smoothness, the abrasive blasted surface is nevertheless micro-roughened so that it contains a plurality of pits. The pits provide an increased surface area, thereby allowing for increased cathode capacitance for a given size and / or capacitors with a reduced size for a given capacitance. A conductive coating that contains a substituted polythiophene is disposed on the micro-roughened surface. The presence of the pits on the substrate enhances the degree of contact between the conductive coating and metal substrate, thereby resulting in improved mechanical robustness and electrical performance (e.g., reduced equivalent series resistance and leakage current).

The invention discloses a structure for reducing the equivalent unsprung mass of a single cross arm suspension wheel-side electric driving system; an elastic rubber is supported on a rack in a hinging way; one end of an oscillating arm of a single cross arm suspension is connected with the elastic rubber in a hinging way; the other end of the oscillating arm of the single cross arm suspension is connected with an electric machine which is fixedly arranged on a speed reducing case; the speed reducing case is connected with a half shaft sleeve pipe; a power output end of the electric machine isconnected with a pinion gear which is meshed with a main gear; the main gear is connected with the half shaft sleeve pipe; and after the electric machine is decelerated by the gears, the power is output to rims so as to drive wheels. The distance from the mass center of parts which are not concentric with the wheels to the oscillation central axis of the single cross arm suspension is reduced, namely, the equivalent unsprung mass is reduced. The structure has the advantages of reducing the equivalent unsprung mass of the wheel-side driving system so as to increase vibration frequency of the wheels, reduce resonance vibration and impact and vibration from road surfaces and improve smoothness of automobile driving.

The invention provides fermentative methods for producing n-propanol. The methods of the invention involve providing a suitable carbon source, a microorganism expressing the dicarboxylic acid pathway, reducing equivalents, and at least one gene coding for an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of propionate / propionyl-CoA into n-propanol. The methods further involve contacting the carbon source and reducing equivalents with the microorganism under conditions favorable for the production of n-propanol. Also provided are methods for producing propylene and polypropylene from the n-propanol and microorganisms suitable for use in the methods of the invention.

The invention relates to a transient electromagnetic transmitter circuit with loads in parallel connection for discharging. The transient electromagnetic transmitter circuit comprises a DC power supply, an H bridge circuit, load coils, bidirectional switches, a load discharging loop and a constant-voltage clamping circuit, wherein the DC power supply is connected with the load coil N through the H bridge circuit, the load coil I, the bidirectional switch I, the load coil II, the bidirectional switch II...; the load coil I, the load coil II,...and the load coil N are each connected with the load discharging loop; and the load discharging loop is connected with the DC power supply through the constant-voltage clamping circuit. Compared with the prior art, by adopting the bidirectional switches and diodes, the load coils are in a series connection state when the current rises and is stable, and the load coils are in parallel connection state in discharging. The transient electromagnetic transmitter circuit effectively reduces equivalent inductance of the loads in discharging, reduces turn-off delay time of the transmitter, and reduces transient electromagnetic detection blind zone. The load coil segmentation method is flexible, and parallel load inductance value can be changed according to specific detection requirements. Under the condition of same turn-off delay time, the transmitting current or load coil number can be increased, the equivalent magnetic moment is enlarged, and the detection depth and resolution are increased.

An improved electrical terminal attachment process for a wound polymer film / foil or metallized film capacitor is described that minimizes thermal damage to the capacitor structure and improves the current carrying capability of the capacitor. The process employs an electrically conductive adhesive that can be cured at low temperatures. The disclosed process improves the reliability of the capacitor when used at high RMS or pulsed currents. It also enables capacitor application structures with reduced equivalent series inductance that would be otherwise difficult or impossible to fabricate.

A solid electrolytic capacitor includes a capacitor element, an anode lead frame, a cathode lead frame, and a mold resin portion. The anode lead frame includes an anode terminal portion and a rising portion. The rising portion is formed integral with the anode terminal portion, extends from the anode terminal portion through the mold resin and is connected to an anode portion. At the rising portion, a catching portion receiving and supporting the anode portion from below and a hook portion surrounding and holding an outer circumferential surface of the anode portion, with the anode portion received in the catching portion, are formed. Therefore, a solid electrolytic capacitor can be provided, which allows highly accurate attachment of the capacitor element on the lead frame without applying any additional member and reduces equivalent series resistance.

Coordinately regulated over-expression of the genes encoding glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase [“G6PDH”] and 6-phospho-gluconolactonase [“6PGL”] in transgenic strains of the oleaginous yeast, Yarrowia lipolytica, comprising a functional polyunsaturated fatty acid [“PUFA”] biosynthetic pathway, resulted in increased production of PUFAs and increased total lipid content in the Yarrowia cells. This is achieved by increased cellular availability of the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate [“NADPH”], an important reducing equivalent for reductive biosynthetic reactions, within the transgenic microorganism.

A technique for forming a cathode of a wet electrolytic capacitor is provided. The cathode contains a metal substrate having a roughened surface and a conductive coating that contains a substituted polythiophene. The degree of surface contact between the conductive coating and the roughened surface is enhanced in the present invention by selectively controlling the manner in which the conductive coating is formed. More particularly, the conductive coating is formed by applying a precursor solution to the roughened surface that includes both a precursor thiophene monomer and an oxidative catalyst. Contrary to techniques in which either the monomer or catalyst is applied separately and initially contacts the metal surface, the presence of the monomer and catalyst within the same solution allows polymer chains to grow immediately adjacent to the surface of the metal substrate and within the pits. This can significantly increase the degree of contact between the conductive coating and metal substrate, thereby resulting in improved mechanical robustness and electrical performance (e.g., reduced equivalent series resistance and leakage current). To minimize the likelihood of premature polymerization, the oxidative catalyst is also employed in an amount less than what is required to fully react all of the reagent assuming 100% yield (i.e., “stoichiometric amount”). This can slow the polymerization of the monomer, creating oligomers that are shorter than if fully polymerized, which can better penetrate into the roughened regions of the metal substrate.

A multilayer capacitor includes: a dielectric element; a pair of first internal conductors with same polarity disposed in the dielectric element to be adjacent to each other while being separated from each other by the dielectric layer; first leadout portions led out from the pair of first internal conductors respectively, one being provided for each of the first internal conductors; a pair of second internal conductors with same polarity disposed in the dielectric element to be adjacent to each other while being separated from each other by the dielectric layer; and second leadout portions led out from the pair of second internal conductors respectively, one being provided for each of the second internal conductors, wherein the first leadout portion and the second leadout portion led out respectively from the first internal conductor and the second internal conductor disposed adjacent to each other are led out to substantially the same positions in side faces facing each other of the dielectric element, respectively. Therefore, a multilayer capacitor capable of reducing equivalent series inductance to reduce voltage fluctuation of a power source of a CPU is obtained.

A wet electrolytic capacitor that includes a porous anode body containing a dielectric layer, a cathode containing a metal substrate on which is disposed a conductive polymer coating, and an electrolyte is provided. The conductive polymer coating is in the form of a dispersion of particles having a relatively small size, such as an average diameter of from about 1 to about 500 nanometers, in some embodiments from about 5 to about 400 nanometers, and in some embodiments, from about 10 to about 300 nanometers. The relatively small size of the particles used in the coating increases the surface area that is available for adhering to the metal substrate, which in turn improves mechanical robustness and electrical performance (e.g., reduced equivalent series resistance and leakage current). Another benefit of employing such a dispersion for the conductive polymer coating is that it may be able to better cover crevices of the metal substrate and improve electrical contact.

A wet electrolytic capacitor including a porous anode body containing a dielectric layer, a cathode containing a metal substrate on which is disposed a conductive polymer coating, and an electrolyte is provided. The conductive polymer coating is in the form of a dispersion of particles having an average diameter of from about 1 to about 500 nanometers, in some embodiments from about 5 to about 400 nanometers, and in some embodiments, from about 10 to about 300 nanometers. The relatively small size of the particles used in the coating increases the surface area that is available for adhering to the metal substrate, which in turn improves mechanical robustness and electrical performance (e.g., reduced equivalent series resistance and leakage current). Another benefit of employing such a dispersion for the conductive polymer coating is that it may be able to better cover crevices of the metal substrate and improve electrical contact.

A device and process for using the device are provided for the production of commodity chemicals by biological methods which require the addition of reducing equivalents. The device allows operating conditions to be conveniently altered to achieve maximal electrochemical efficiencies for a given biologically mediated redox reaction, series of reactions, or fermentation process.

A multilayer capacitor is provided with improved reliability and reduced ESL. In a width direction, a second principal-surface electrode portion is greater than a first principal-surface electrode portion, and a fifth principal-surface electrode portion is greater than a fourth principal-surface electrode portion. When viewed from a lamination direction, an outer edge of the second principal-surface electrode portion at the other end side is arranged near the other end side more than outer edge of the fifth principal-surface electrode portion at one end side. First lead portions are connected to the second principal-surface electrode portion, and second lead portions are connected to the fifth principal-surface electrode portion. Thus, portions of the second principal-surface electrode portion greater than the first principal-surface electrode portion and portions of the fifth principal-surface electrode portion greater than the fourth principal-surface electrode portion function as current paths between the first lead portions and the second lead portions.

There is provided a multilayer ceramic capacitor including: a ceramic body including dielectric layers and internal electrodes; electrode layers connected to the internal electrodes; and a conductive resin layer formed on the electrode layers and including a first conductor, a second conductor having a fiber shape, and a base resin. The multilayer ceramic capacitor provided by the invention may has reduced equivalent series resistance (ESR) when absorbing external impact and preventing permeation of an electroplate liquid.

A multilayer capacitor includes: a dielectric element; a pair of first internal conductors with same polarity disposed in the dielectric element to be adjacent to each other while being separated from each other by the dielectric layer; first leadout portions led out from the pair of first internal conductors respectively, one being provided for each of the first internal conductors; a pair of second internal conductors with same polarity disposed in the dielectric element to be adjacent to each other while being separated from each other by the dielectric layer; and second leadout portions led out from the pair of second internal conductors respectively, one being provided for each of the second internal conductors, wherein the first leadout portion and the second leadout portion led out respectively from the first internal conductor and the second internal conductor disposed adjacent to each other are led out to substantially the same positions in side faces facing each other of the dielectric element, respectively. Therefore, a multilayer capacitor capable of reducing equivalent series inductance to reduce voltage fluctuation of a power source of a CPU is obtained.

Coordinately regulated over-expression of the genes encoding glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase ["G6PDH"] and 6-phospho-gluconolactonase ["6PGL"] in transgenic strains of the oleaginous yeast, Yarrowia lipolytica, comprising a functional polyunsaturated fatty acid ["PUFA"] biosynthetic pathway, resulted in increased production of PUFAs and increased total lipid content in the Yarrowia cells. This is achieved by increased cellular availability of the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate ["NADPH"], an important reducing equivalent for reductive biosynthetic reactions, within the transgenic microorganism.

A signal transmission structure is provided. The signal transmission structure includes conduction blocks periodically formed at a power plane, neck blocks connecting adjacent conduction blocks, and openings formed corresponding to the neck blocks at a ground plane for reducing equivalent capacitance between the neck blocks and the ground plane, so as to improve the noise isolation performance.

The present disclosure relates to a system and method for determining an effective electrical resistance in an electronic circuit design. Embodiments may include receiving, at one or more computing devices, an electronic circuit design and identifying one or more features associated with the electronic circuit design. Embodiments may also include performing a resistance only extraction of a circuit net associated with the electronic circuit design and identifying at least two node locations from the electronic circuit as one or more port nodes. Embodiments may further include reducing the resistance only extraction to an equivalent circuit including only the port nodes and attaching a high-resistance ground voltage source to at least one of the port nodes of the reduced equivalent circuit. Embodiments may also include generating a conductance matrix, based upon, at least in part, the reduced equivalent circuit.

The invention discloses a serial-parallel impedance reshaping method of smooth busbar voltage, and is used for reducing equivalent output impedance under the condition of micro-grid drooping frequencydeviation and then suppressing the busbar voltage distortion caused by the non-linear load. The serial-parallel impedance reshaping method of the smooth busbar voltage has the advantages that serialconnection virtual resistance and parallel virtual admittance are combined, the output impedance of an inverter on a fundamental frequency of 50 Hz and integer subharmonic frequency is kept invariable, the equivalent output impedance after an output frequency offsets is reduced, thereby effectively improving the busbar voltage quality of a micro-grid inverter parallel system under the high-proportion non-linear load condition.

The invention discloses a high-speed fully-differential noise reduction device for CMOS optical receivers. The noise reduction device comprises a low-noise trans-impedance amplifier which is used for converting a current signal output by a photoelectric detector into a voltage signal and preliminarily amplifying the voltage signal and has low equivalent input noise current, a single-ended to differential circuit which is used for realizing conversion from single-ended to differential output, increasing the circuit bandwidth, amplifying the voltage signal, effectively reducing equivalent input noise current introduced by a back-end circuit and eliminating common-mode noise introduced by a power supply and the like, a two-stage three-order differential limiting amplifier which adopts a staggered active feedback and capacitance degeneration circuit and is used for amplifying the voltage signal to a voltage level needed for a digital processing unit, and an output buffer stage which is used for converting an output differential voltage signal into a single-ended output voltage signal. On the premise of keeping the overall gain and bandwidth of the circuit, the introduced noise is reduced, and the sensitivity of optical receivers is improved.