The invention relates to a gear fault positioning system and method, and belongs to the field of a fault diagnosis technology and a signal processing analysis technology. The gear fault positioning system comprises a signal acquisition module, a signal processing module and a feature extraction module. By use of an order tracking method, frequency fuzziness caused by a phenomenon can be effectively overcome, by use of an angle domain synchronization average technology, random interference components such as a bearing and the like in a gear case can be eliminated, and the purpose of noise reduction is achieved; by use of spectral line editing, the disadvantage of incapability of completely filtering unnecessary frequency components due to existence of a transition zone in a conventional band pass filter can be overcome, and accordingly, a frequency band of interest is accurately filtered; influences exerted by such external factors as noise, rotation speeds, load fluctuations and the like on a phase demodulation effect can be eliminated, abrupt change of signals after demodulation at gear fault positions is more obvious, and gear faults are quite accurately positioned; and the method is easy to master and use, the algorithm meets the real-time performance requirement of an industrial field, and through actual application tests, the algorithm is accurate and reliable.