The invention discloses sodium bismuth titanate-based high-strain lead-free piezoelectric ceramic and a preparation method thereof, aiming to solve the technical problem that the existing lead-based piezoelectric ceramic has low strain quantity. The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: dosing analytically pure BaCO3, Bi2O3, TiO2, Li2CO3 and Na2CO3 at a stoichiometric ratio of (Na1-xLix)0.5Bi0.5TiO3-BaTiO3, wherein 0<=x<=0.09; performing ball milling on the dosed materials in a ball mill tank, drying the ball milling mixture, briquetting, pre-calcining, taking out the calcined materials to break, performing ball milling again, and sieving; prepressing the sieved powder into sheets, and then performing isostatic pressing; and sintering the moulded sheets to obtain the sodium bismuth titanate-based high strain lead-free piezoelectric ceramic. As the binary system piezoelectric ceramic has good piezoelectric property, the strain quantity is increased from 0.15% in the background art to 0.21-0.27%.