The invention belongs to the technical field of physiological parameter measurement, and relates to a diffuse optical tomography system based on an electron multiplication CCD (charge-coupled device), which comprises a steady-state laser source, a translation stage, a coupling lens, a lens, the electron multiplication CCD and a computer. Steady-state laser emitted by the steady-state laser sourceirradiates a phantom or an object to be measured through incident optical fibers, the translation stage drives an optical fiber head to move so that the laser irradiates various imaging points of thephantom, afterwards, the lens receives transmission light emitted from the phantom to form an image in the electron multiplication CCD, imaging results are transmitted to the computer, and the computer reconstructs the image. The invention further provides a tomography method implemented by using the system. The imaging quality of the reconstructed image can be improved, underdetermined ill-posednature of imaging algorithm is eliminated at the utmost, and image reconstruction efficiency and precision are improved.