The invention discloses an electric bus energy consumption estimation method based on data driving. The electric bus energy consumption estimation method based on data driving comprises the steps of:S1, obtaining the real-time GPS track data of a vehicle, intelligent IC card data, the no-load weight of the vehicle and the auxiliary system power; S2, according to the driving distance and the driving time of adjacent track points in the GPS track data, calculating the speed, the acceleration and the gradient of the vehicle in an adjacent track point interval; S3, matching the intelligent IC card data with the GPS track data, and furthermore, in combination with the no-load weight of the vehicle, calculating the total weight of the vehicle in the adjacent track point interval; S4, accordingto the speed, the acceleration, the gradient and the total weight of the vehicle, calculating the running instantaneous power of the vehicle in the adjacent track point interval; and S5, according tothe instantaneous power in the step S4 and the auxiliary system power of the vehicle, calculating the total instantaneous power of the vehicle, and estimating the energy consumption of the vehicle according to the total instantaneous power of the vehicle. On the basis of the GPS track data and the intelligent IC card data, the electric bus energy consumption estimation method based on data drivingin the invention has a big role for analyzing the time-space characteristic of the energy consumption of an electric bus.