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This invention discloses a method for characterizing the pore size distribution of tight sandstone based on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and peak coupling technology, belonging to the field of tight sandstone pore size characterization technology. The method includes obtaining the fourth derivative curve of the full pore size distribution curve of the tight sandstone sample using Peakfit software, identifying possible sub-peak positions; using the Peakfit software to deconvolve the full pore size distribution curve using a log-normal distribution, and iterating using an iterative peak sharpening algorithm until the chi-square goodness-of-fit standard value no longer changes; and finally, using the correlation coefficient r... 2 The goodness of fit between the fitted model and the original measurement data is evaluated using standard error (SE) and F statistical goodness of fit. This invention is applied to the identification and characterization of pore size distribution in tight sandstone, overcoming various limitations and problems of traditional nuclear magnetic resonance T2 relaxation time testing in characterizing the pore size distribution of tight sandstone. It features fewer limitations and faster, more accurate analytical results.