The invention provides a screw-propelling external-heating type coal dry distillation device. The device comprises a heating chamber, dry distillation chambers, a spiral conveying device, a pyrolysis gas collection device, a bearing supporting base, a material feeding and discharging mechanism and a drive device, wherein the pyrolysis gas collection device is communicated with the dry distillation chambers , the heated part of each dry distillation chamber is located in the heating chamber, the dry distillation chambers are isolated from the heating chamber, the material feeding and discharging mechanism is connected with the dry distillation chambers, the spiral conveying device is arranged in the dry distillation chambers, the end of the spiral conveying device is supported by the bearing supporting base, the drive device is connected to the end of the spiral conveying device, a smoke exhaust channel is arranged in the spiral conveying device, and the heating chamber is communicated with the smoke exhaust channel. A spiral propelling mechanism is adopted for propelling of raw coal, multiple dry distillation chambers are connected in the same sealed heating chamber in parallel, combustion smoke is introduced into a raw material propelling device to realize recycling of heat energy, the raw coal propelling problem in dry distillation of coal is solved, the dry distillation heating efficiency is improved, and the device has the advantages that coal is uniformly heated in the dry distillation process, the heating efficiency is high, the yield of tar is high and the like.