The invention discloses a medicine balloon catheter and a surface treatment method of a medicine balloon. The medicine balloon catheter comprises a catheter base, a catheter body, a balloon body, a pressure opening, a medicine coating and a protective coating. Comprising the following steps: S1, firstly preparing microspheres, weighing a certain amount of a carrier and a medicine, and dissolving in a solvent a to obtain a solution A; s2, preparing PVA or cellulose or a mixture aqueous solution thereof with the concentration of 2%-15% to obtain a solution B; the balloon has the advantages that the saturation degree and the conveying area of the drug coating on the balloon are effectively improved, the drug can be coated on the blood vessel wall through single expansion, the operation difficulty is effectively reduced, the operation time is shortened, meanwhile, the bioavailability is higher, the lasting tissue drug treatment concentration can be kept, and the application prospect is wide. And moreover, the loss of the medicine coating in the conveying process can be effectively prevented, and finally the purposes of improving the medicine utilization rate, reducing the medicine dosage and reducing the side effect of the medicine on the human body as much as possible are achieved.