The present invention discloses a noninvasive blood glucose detection instrument basing on the energy conservation principle, which includes a blood glucose detection sensor, a signal processing circuit, a simulation filter circuit, an amplifying circuit, an A/D converter, a communication circuit, a display, a single chip microcomputer, a personal computer and a blood oxygen detection module. The blood glucose detection sensor, the signal processing circuit, the simulation filter circuit, the amplifying circuit and the A/D converter are connected successively in series. The blood glucose detection instrument detects physiological quantity signals of a human body. The signals are pretreated by the signal processing circuit, the simulation filter circuit and the amplifying circuit and are converted into digital signals by the A/D converter to be transmitted to the single chip microcomputer. Then, the digital signals are transmitted to the personal computer through a communication circuit. The personal computer processes the detected data, finishes the calculation of the blood glucose concentration and displays the calculation results. Through the parameters of the detections of the convection, the radiation and the heat evaporation dissipating capacity of finger surfaces, the blood flow and the blood oxygen saturation of local tissues, etc., the present invention realizes the blood glucose fast detection, which has the advantages of painless performance, disinfection and simple and rapid performances.