The invention belongs to the field of a microimaging and spectral measurement technology and relates to a laser differential confocal Brillouin-Raman spectroscopy measuring method and a device thereof which can be used in micro-area morphological parameter comprehensive test and high-resolution imaging of a sample. According to the method and the device, a differential confocal technology is incorporated into spectrum detection. Sample position detection is performed by the differential confocal technology; spectrum detection is conducted by a spectrum detection system; and properties, such as elasticity, piezoelectricity and the like, of a material are tested by the use of brillouin scattering light abandoned by a traditional confocal Raman spectrum detection technology. Thus, micro-area high-spatial resolution morphological parameter measurement of a sample is realized. The method and the device have advantages of accurate positioning, high spatial resolution, high spectrum detection sensitivity, controllable measured focusing spot size and the like, and have a wide application prospect in fields of biomedicine, evidence obtaining in court, micro and nano-fabrication, materials engineering, engineering physics, precision metrology, physical chemistry and the like.