The invention discloses a lithium battery heat dissipation device which comprises a shell, a lithium battery, a condensation pipe, a dust removal device, a reset spring, a driving device and an air cooling mechanism are arranged in the shell, the lithium battery is arranged in the center of the bottom of the inner wall of the shell, and the condensation pipe is fixed to the bottom of the inner wall of the shell and is close to the end of the lithium battery. The dust removal device is arranged on the surface of the condensation pipe, the reset spring is fixed between the surface of the dust removal device and the two corresponding sides of the interior of the shell, the driving device is arranged in the position, close to the condensation pipe, of the interior of the shell, and the air cooling mechanism is fixed in the shell and close to one side of the condensation pipe. The invention relates to the technical field of lithium batteries. According to the lithium battery heat dissipation device, the purpose of self-cleaning is achieved, rapid heat dissipation can be conducted on the lithium battery, meanwhile, self-cleaning is conducted on dust adhering to the heat dissipater, the heat dissipation efficiency can be improved, overheating of the lithium battery is avoided, the service life is prolonged, and the use performance is improved.