The invention discloses a soil conditioning agent and a preparation method thereof. The soil conditioning agent comprises the following main components in percentage by weight: 90 to 96% of polyacrylamide (PAM), 1 to 3% of water soluble organic carbon (SOC), 2 to 4% of polyaspartic acid, and 1 to 3% of polyglutamic acid; the polyacrylamide (PAM) is water-in-water type anionic polyacrylamide emulsion, the molecular weight of PAM is 10,000,000 to 20,000,000, the solid content is 35 to 45%; and the water soluble organic carbon (SOC) is prepared from residues of plants. The provided soil conditioning agent can improve the physical and chemical structure of soil, increase the content of aggregates and organic matters in the soil, and enhance the water and fertilizer retaining performance of soil. Moreover, the preparation technology is simple, the production cost is low, the dissolution speed is quick, and the soil conditioning agent can be evenly applied.