The invention relates to a secondary acousto-optic tunable filter hyperspectral imaging method and a device, and belongs to the technical field of optical remote sensing imaging. A high-resolution spectral image of a target to be tested can be taken at visible and near infrared wave bands, and the identification and analysis of the feature and characteristics of the target are realized. The invention is characterized in that: the optical imaging technology and a secondary acousto-optic tunable filter part are organically combined, two acousto-optic tunable filters are used as light splitting elements for spectral imaging and are connected in series in an optical structure, and transmission spectra are multiplied; and the resolution of the system is more than four times higher than that of a spectral imaging system of a single acoustic-optic tunable filter (AOTF). The secondary acousto-optic tunable filter hyperspectral imaging technology and the device have the advantages of high spectral resolution, small size, light weight, quick spectral scanning speed, wide tuning range and the like, and can be widely applied to the fields of remote sensing science, agricultural census, geographic information and the like.