The invention discloses a lumbricus polypeptide having anticoagulant and thrombolytic effects, and an enzymatic hydrolysis preparation method and an application thereof. The preparation method comprises the steps: cleaning and drying lumbricus dried bodies, and crushing into a powder; adding water, stirring, and centrifuging to obtain a protein precipitate; adding water to dissolve the protein, adding an alkaline protease with the ratio of the enzyme volume to the protein weight of 0.1-3 mL:100 g, and stirring; exterminating enzyme activity, adding trypsin with the ratio of the enzyme mass to the protein weight of 0.5-5 g:100 g, and stirring at the temperature of 25-60 DEG C; allowing the enzymatic hydrolysate to pass through an anion exchange column, collecting a part of eluate; and then passing through a macroporous adsorption resin, carrying out separation and purification, and collecting and drying to obtain a lumbricus anticoagulant peptide powder. A new source is added for high-activity anticoagulant active substances, the product activity is high, the preparation process is convenient and feasible, and the environment is protected; and the lumbricus polypeptide can be used as a raw material of foods for thrombosis prevention, thrombolysis and blood consistency reduction, is supplemented with lactose, mannitol and the like, and is made into a powder, a tablet, a capsule or an oral liquid.