44 results about "Mass attenuation coefficient" patented technology

The invention relates to an ultrasonic attenuation spectrum principle based method for measuring the average particle size and concentration of two types of mixed solid particles in a liquid or gas medium. The ultrasonic attenuation spectrum principle based method comprises the following steps of step 1, measuring an experimental measurement ultrasonic attenuation spectrum alpha (f) under the condition that the two types of solid particles A and B are located in a measurement area, wherein f is the ultrasonic frequency; step 2, calculating an acoustic attenuation coefficient Kext of the particle and acoustic wave effect; step 3, determining whether the particles are A particles or B particles and determining whether phonons are absorbed or scattered through the acoustic attenuation coefficient; step 4, calculating a scattering emergence angle theta M1 of the scattered phonons; step 5, continuing to calculate a theoretical ultrasonic attenuation spectrum through a result of the step 4; step 6, establishing an objective function according to the theoretical ultrasonic attenuation spectrum and the experimental measurement ultrasonic attenuation spectrum to solve the particle size and volume concentration. The ultrasonic attenuation spectrum based mixed solid particle size and concentration measurement method can be applied to the two types of mixed solid particles and laboratory scientific research and the online measurement and the application of the industrial field can be implemented.

A contrast phantom for assessing the characteristic, exposure-related signal and noise response and dynamic range of an image recording and detection system. The contrast phantom is composed of an absorber medium having a sudden K-edge absorption change of the mass attenuation coefficient for at least one photon energy level in-between the mean and maximum energies of the lowest energy spectrum it is subjected to. The invention further provides a method for assessing the characteristic, exposure-related signal and noise response and dynamic range of an image recording and detection system with the aforementioned contrast phantom.

The invention discloses a sounding laser full-waveform data-based diffuse attenuation coefficient extraction method and system. The method comprises the following steps: filtering to obtain effective laser sounding points from full-waveform data in sounding laser data; extracting emission intensity and echo intensity of each effective laser sounding point obtained by filtering from the full-waveform data, and after extracting the echo intensity, generating a water body back scattering function corresponding to a water body back scattering waveform according to an algorithm; selecting a plurality of time point pairs with a preset time interval from the water body back scattering function corresponding a single laser sounding point, and calculating an initial diffuse attenuation coefficient of each time point pair; taking an average value of the initial diffuse attenuation coefficients of all the time point pairs as a final diffuse attenuation coefficient of the laser sounding points. According to the invention, the diffuse attenuation coefficient value can be calculated by using the full-waveform data of the single sounding points, and echo intensity information and a depth value of each sounding point do not need to be acquired, the calculation accuracy of the diffuse attenuation coefficient is high.

The invention relates to a fit attenuation difference temperature self-correction method for a distributed optical fiber Raman temperature measurement system. According to the invention, a Stokes light and anti-Stokes light attenuation coefficient difference equation is obtained by a temperature demodulation principle; a fit curve equation of an attenuation coefficient difference relative to a temperature is obtained by a fit curve; a temperature demodulation equation is obtained by a ratio of the fit curve equation to luminous flux; after demodulation, primary correction on a temperature is implemented; then Rayleigh noise is solved by combining a relationship between Stokes light and anti-Stokes light signals and the Rayleigh noise; further a corrected temperature demodulation formula isobtained; and after demodulation, secondary correction is implemented. The temperature self-correction aim is fulfilled; and compared to a conventional method of eliminating the Rayleigh noise, the fit attenuation difference temperature self-correction method improves temperature correction, implements accurate measurement on the temperature, avoids an error problem caused by approximate equalization processing on Stokes light and anti-Stokes light attenuation coefficients, and meets accurate detection on temperatures of a mine goaf and an adjacent old goaf.

A radiography flat panel detector and a method of producing the flat panel detector including, in a scintillating or photoconductive layer, an imaging array, -a substrate, and an X-ray absorbing layer including a chemical compound having a metal element with an atomic number of 20 or more and one or more non-metal elements. The X-ray absorbing layer has a dimensionless absorption exponent of greater than 0.5 for gamma ray emission of Am²⁴¹ at about 60 keV, wherein

AE(Am²⁴¹ 60 keV)=t*(k₁e₁+k₂e₂+k₃e₃+ . . . )

and AE(Am²⁴¹ 60 keV) represents the absorption exponent of the X-ray absorbing layer relative to the about 60 keV gamma ray emission of Am²⁴¹; t represents the a thickness of the X-ray absorbing layer; e₁, e₂, e₃, . . . represent concentrations of the elements in the X-ray absorbing layer; and k₁,k₂,k₃ . . . represent mass attenuation coefficients of the elements. If the chemical compound is a scintillating phosphor, a layer is present between the X-ray absorbing layer and the substrate and has a transmission for light of 10% or lower at the wavelength of the light emission of the chemical compound.

The present invention relates to a method for inversing a sea-bottom attenuation coefficient by using a modal dispersion curve energy difference, wherein inversion of a sea-bottom attenuation coefficient is implemented by using amplitude energy information of a modal dispersion curve. The present invention provides a method for inversing a sea-bottom attenuation coefficient by using an energy difference of a modal dispersion curve of two bombs, so as to estimate a sea-bottom attenuation coefficient of an experimental sea area. The method provided by the present invention focuses on inversion of a neritic zone by using a dispersion effect generated by a wide-band explosive sound source during propagation in neritic zones. The method comprises: firstly, placing a receiving hydrophone at a certain depth; then delivering explosive sound sources with the same model number parameter (considered as generating the same signal during explosion) on the same straight line and at different distances, so as to receive time-frequency maps of two explosive sound sources; then processing the time-frequency maps of the two explosive sound sources by using a warping transformation, so as to obtain a transmission energy difference of first four stages of a modal dispersion curve; and finally inversing a sea-bottom attenuation coefficient by using a modal dispersion curve energy difference.

The invention discloses a pulse-laser-based rapid measurement method of an attenuation coefficient and scattering albedo of a semi-transparent medium, belongs to the technical field of semi-transparent medium radiation measurement, and solves the problem of low measurement speed of the semi-transparent medium radiation measurement method on the basis of an inverse problem solving. A black coating is coated at the surface of one side of a to-be-tested semi-transparent test-piece; a gaussian pulse laser beam is utilized to vertically enter the surface of one side of the test-piece without the coating; a time-domain hemisphere reflection signal of the semi-transparent medium is measured by adopting a single photon counter; the attenuation coefficient beta of a to-be-tested medium and the value of the scattering albedo omega of the to-be-tested medium are set; the least square difference is formed by an estimation value of the time-domain hemisphere reflection signal and the time-domain hemisphere reflection signal of the semi-transparent medium measured by the single photon counter; whether the difference is smaller than the threshold is judged; if so, the set attenuation coefficient beta of the to-be-tested medium and the scattering albedo omega of the to-be-tested medium are taken as results. The rapid measurement method is suitable for the semi-transparent medium radiation measurement.

The invention provides an experimental device for measuring the numerical apertures and the attenuation coefficients of light-guide fibers. The experimental device comprises a light source, a focusing device (2), a plurality of light intensity sensors, a collimator (5), a shading box (8), a semi-reflexivity semi-transparent lens (9), a processor (11), an angle sensor (12), a first actuating device (16) and a second actuating device (17). The experimental device measures a first optical fiber (6) to be measured and a second optical fiber (14) to be measured which are the same in structure and different in length. The experimental device has two working modes, namely the numerical aperture mode and the attenuation coefficient mode, is capable of being conveniently switched between the two modes, and then measures the numerical apertures and the attenuation coefficients of the optical fibers to be measured.

The invention discloses a sound velocity-attenuation coefficient integrated detection method for a polymer. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) allowing an ultrasonic probe to emit ultrasonic waves directly towards a to-be-detected sample; (2) collecting reflection echoes on the upper and lower surfaces of the sample, and calculating amplitude spectrums of the reflection echoes, wherein one side, directly facing the ultrasonic probe, of the sample is defined as the upper surface, and one side, opposite to the ultrasonic probe, of the sample is defined as the lower surface; and (3) calculating an ultrasonic transmission speed of the to-be-detected sample, the thickness of the sample and the attenuation coefficient of the sample according to the amplitude spectrums of the reflection echoes. The detection method is easy in operation, convenient in calculation and low in detection cost, the tested sample is not damaged, the online monitoring can be easily realized, and the sound speed, attenuation coefficient and wall thickness of a polymer part can be simultaneously detected.

An apparatus and method for nondestructively acquiring images of a plant root system is described. The apparatus includes a substrate for supporting the plant root system, a container for holding the substrate, an x-ray radiation source for generating x-ray radiation and directing the radiation to pass through the plant root system, and an x-ray image capture system for receiving the x-ray radiation having passed through the plant root system and for generating an image of the plant root system based on the radiation. The x-ray radiation source generates x-ray radiation having an energy level in the range of about 8 keV to about 20 keV. In this energy range, the attenuation of the x-ray radiation due to air is minimized and the contrast between the root system and the container and substrate is sufficiently high to provide a resolvable image. The substrate and container are preferably formed of materials having a low mass density, such as less than about 3 pounds per cubic foot, and a low x-ray mass attenuation coefficient. The low density materials of the substrate and the container introduce comparatively low attenuation of the x-ray radiation when compared to the attenuation introduced by the roots, thereby enhancing the visibility of the root system in the image.

Quantitative X-ray analysis is carried out by making X-ray fluorescence measurements to determine the elemental composition of a sample and a correction measurement by measuring the transmitted intensity of X-rays at an energy E transmitted directly through the sample without deviation. An X-ray diffraction measurement is made in transmission by directing X-rays from an X-ray source at the energy E onto a sample at an incident angle ψ₁ to the surface of the sample and measuring a measured intensity I_d(θ_fl) of the diffracted X-rays at the energy E with an X-ray detector at an exit angle ψ₂ corresponding to an X-ray diffraction peak of a predetermined component. A matrix corrected X-ray intensity is obtained using the measured X-ray intensity in the X-ray diffraction measurement, the correction measurement and the mass attenuation coefficient of the sample calculated from the elemental composition and the mass attenuation coefficients of the elements.

The invention relates to a nondestructive testing method for testing soil characteristics of a soil complex through acoustic emission. Multiple pairs of acoustic emission sensors and acoustic reception sensors are reasonably arranged in a medium or on the surface of a material, a reception signal probe receiving surface of each acoustic reception sensor and an emission surface of each acoustic emission sensor are arranged oppositely, the distance between each acoustic emission sensor and each acoustic reception sensor is S, the propagation velocity v=S/t of impulse waves is calculated, the attenuation coefficient alpha of the impulse waves is calculated, the characteristic change of the medium is judged according to the propagation velocity V and the attenuation coefficient alpha of the impulse waves, the main frequency of emission waves is determined according to an acoustic emission spectrogram, and the characteristics of the medium are judged according to the main frequency and theattenuation coefficient alpha obtained through testing. The acoustic emission sensors and the acoustic reception sensors are arranged on the to-be-tested medium, the characteristic change of the physical mechanics of a soil mass is obtained by use of the tested propagation velocity and the attenuation coefficient of the impulse waves. The technology is simple, convenient and flexible to operate.

The invention provides a method capable of carrying out high-precision imaging on an internal structure of a natural gas hydrate sediment triaxial mechanical test. The method is characterized in thatthe distinction degree of natural gas hydrate, natural gas and water molecules is enhanced, the imaging resolution of the internal structure of natural gas hydrate sediment is improved and high-precision imaging of the structure in the natural gas hydrate triaxial mechanical test process is achieved by reducing the energy of neutron beams and improving the mass attenuation coefficient of neutron beams based on the fact that the molecular structure size of hydrate is close to the wavelength of cold neutrons. By means of the method, the creep and relaxation rules in the natural gas hydrate sample forming and decomposing process can be obtained, and the dynamic response process of reservoir stability after natural gas hydrate development can be known easily. The method is characterized in that the distinction degree of natural gas hydrate, natural gas and water molecules is enhanced, the imaging resolution is improved and high-precision imaging of the natural gas hydrate dynamic gatheringand dispersing process is realized by reducing the energy of neutron beams and improving the mass attenuation coefficient of neutron beams based on the fact that the molecular structure size of hydrate is close to the wavelength of cold neutrons.

The embodiment of the invention provides a method and a system for measuring a rock attenuation coefficient. The system comprises an opening container, a vibration source, a resonance chamber, a hydrophone, a phase-lock amplifier and an upper computer, wherein the opening container is used for containing a solution used as a sound bearing medium; the vibration source is used for generating a sound wave signal for driving the system to resonate; the resonance chamber is immersed in the solution and is used for outputting resonance sound pressure field signals generated in the resonance process of the system; the resonance sound pressure field signals comprise the resonance sound pressure field signals under the states of loading no sample, singly loading a first sample, singly loading a second sample and singly loading a rock sample in the resonance chamber; the hydrophone is arranged in the resonance chamber and is used for collecting the resonance sound pressure field signals; the phase-lock amplifier is used for outputting a vibration source stimulating signal to the seismic source, performing phase-lock treatment on the seismic source stimulating signal and the resonance sound pressure field signals collected by the hydrophone and then supplying to the upper computer; the upper computer is used for acquiring a quality factor of the rock sample according to the signal supplied by the phase-lock amplifier. According to the method and the system, the measuring practicability and the measuring efficiency of the rock attenuation coefficient can be improved.

The invention belongs to the radiation measurement technical field and relates to a shielding body assembly used for gamma radioactive source orientation measurement and a ray incident angle measurement method. The shielding body assembly comprises a shielding barrel covering a measuring probe; the shielding barrel is made of a material which has a large mass attenuation coefficient for gamma rays; the upper part of the shielding barrel is of a solid cylindrical structure; the lower part of the shielding barrel is of a hollow diagonal beveled cylindrical structure; after being unfolded, the hollow diagonal beveled cylindrical structure is an isosceles triangle; and the measuring probe is arranged in the hollow beveled cylindrical structure. Combined with a background automatic deduction algorithm, the measurement method can quickly determine the position of a radioactive source and a radioactive hot area in a nuclear terrorist incident, and avoid harm caused by radiation and reduce doses to which operating personnel is subjected.

A method includes receiving a monochromatic image comprising a head of a subject from a Computed Tomography (CT) scanner and detecting a petrous bone of the head in the monochromatic image. The method further includes determining a linear attenuation coefficient of at least one petrous voxel representing the petrous bone and calculating a mass attenuation coefficient of the petrous voxel based on the linear attenuation coefficient and a density of the petrous bone. The method also includes computing a monochromatic energy level of the monochromatic image based on the mass attenuation coefficient of the petrous voxel and recalibrating the monochromatic image corresponding to the computed monochromatic energy level to the desired monochromatic energy level.

The invention discloses an energy spectrum CT multi-base material rapid iterative decomposition method based on equation orthogonal correction, and the method comprises the steps: 1, scanning a measured object through employing different X-ray energy spectrums to acquire the multi-color projection data of the measured object; 2, assigning an initial value to each base material density image of themeasured object; 3, performing orthographic projection on the estimated value of the density image of each base material, and obtaining a multi-color projection estimated value according to the X-rayenergy spectrum information and the mass attenuation coefficient information of the substance; 4, calculating an error between the multi-color projection estimated value and the multi-color projection data, and solving the projection residual error of each base material by utilizing orthogonal correction; 5, obtaining an image residual error of each base material, and updating an estimated valueof a density image of each base material of the measured object; and 6, repeating the steps 3 to 5 until a termination condition is met. According to the invention, a plurality of base material density images of the measured object can be reconstructed according to the acquired multi-color projection data of the plurality of energy spectrums.

The invention belongs to the technical field of hydrates, particularly relates to a CT enhanced imaging method and system for a three-dimensional structure of a natural gas hydrate, and aims to solvethe problems of poor observation and positioning precision and low observation precision of the three-dimensional structure of the natural gas hydrate due to small gray difference of CT images in imaging of the three-dimensional structure of the natural gas hydrate in the prior art. According to the CT enhanced imaging method for the three-dimensional structure of the natural gas hydrate, the sediment containing the natural gas hydrate is fully filled with the aqueous solution containing the intervention enhancer, and the intervention tracer dissolved in water improves the mass attenuation coefficient mu/rho difference value of X-rays in the natural gas hydrate, ice, water and methane gas; meanwhile, the X-ray mass energy absorption coefficient muen/rho difference value of the natural gashydrate, ice, water and methane gas is increased, then the linear attenuation coefficient received by the detector is changed, and the imaging resolution of all components of the natural gas hydrate sediment is increased.

A main spindle device for a machine tool includes a main spindle, a cushioning member, and an arithmetic unit. The cushioning member is disposed on a position where a vibration displacement of a rotator exists. The arithmetic unit uses data of a tool to be used to analyze a vibration mode in a free vibration of the rotator based on a support rigidity of a bearing, masses of respective parts of the rotator including the tool, an attenuation coefficient, and an equation of motion derived from rigidity and inertia by a rotation. An outer diameter of a sleeve positioned outside the bearing is changed such that a position of an antinode of the vibration or a position on which a vibration displacement exists in the vibration mode matches a position of the cushioning member inside the main spindle to change a preload on the bearing.

The invention relates to a liquid metal radiation shielding coating material and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of materials. In terms of the molar weight of the coating material being 100, the coating material is GaxIn100-x-GayIn80-ySn20, GazIn40-zSn20Bi20 or GavInwSn20Bi20Zn20, x is 20-80, y is 20-50, z is 10-20, v is 15-25, and w is 15-25. The low-melting-point liquid metal radiation shielding coating material has a good mass attenuation coefficient, and the mass of the low-melting-point liquid metal radiation shielding coating material can be reduced by about 13% compared with that of traditional lead under the same mass attenuation coefficient.

The invention relates to a mass attenuation measurement method based on a gamma-ray full-energy peak. The method at least comprises the steps of 1, configuring a radioactive source and a detector, arranging an empty sample box for placing a sample to be detected between the radioactive source and the detector, enabling radioactive rays generated by the radioactive source to enter the detector in atransmission mode in the set direction, promoting the detector to generate first data, arranging a sample to be detected between the radioactive source and the detector, enabling the radioactive raysgenerated by the radioactive source to enter the detector in a mode of penetrating through the sample to be detected when being transmitted along the set direction, and promoting the detector to generate second data; and acquiring a first counting rate n1 (E) based on the first data, acquiring a second counting rate n2 (E) based on the second data, and enabling the mass attenuation coefficient [mu]m (E) of the sample to be detected to the radioactive source to be expressed through a formula shown in the description, wherein h is the thickness of the sample to be detected.

A structure for preventing a scan by a beam is provided. The structure includes a primary material forming the structure. The primary material includes a first mass attenuation coefficient enabling the primary material to be penetrated by the beam. The structure also includes a matrix of dense particles within the primary material. The dense particles include secondary materials different than the primary material. The secondary materials comprise a subsequent mass attenuation coefficient that is greater than the first mass attenuation coefficient of the primary material. The subsequent mass attenuation coefficient enables the dense particles to attenuate the beam to distort the scan.