The invention discloses a coder interface testing device based on a Nios II processor. The device comprises an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) chip, an incremental TTL (Transistor Transistor Logic) interface module, an incremental sine and cosine interface module, an absolute interface module, a display screen and a PS (Poly Styrene) / 2 interface device, wherein the incremental TTL interface module, an incremental sine and cosine interface module, an absolute interface module, a display screen and a PS / 2 (Purple Green) interface device are connected with the FPGA chip; the incremental TTL interface module is used for being connected with the coder of an incremental TTL interface type, the incremental sine and cosine interface module is used for being connected with the coder of an incremental sine and cosine interface type, the absolute interface module is used for being connected with an absolute coder so that a serial digital signal output by the absolute interface module is transformed between a differential signal and a single-end signal, and the FPGA chip comprises a Nios II processor embedded in a chip, and the Nios II processor is used for processing an input signal and realizing the testing of coder interfaces. The Nios II processor-based coder interface testing device can be used for solving the problems that the coder interfaces in the existing coder testing platform can not be mutually compatible and are inconveniently carried, and has the characteristics of low cost, strong function, small volume, compact structure and high integration.