The invention relates to an aviation transient electromagnetic method receiving compensation device. The aviation transient electromagnetic method receiving compensation device comprises a receiving coil, a transmitting coil, a compensation coil, and at least one compensating magnetic core. The transmitting coil is arranged at a periphery of the receiving coil, the compensating magnetic core is arranged on the transmitting coil, and the compensating coil is arranged on the compensating magnetic core. By using the aviation transient electromagnetic method receiving compensation device, throughadding compensation to the receiving coil, debugging is more flexible, assembling is more convenient, and suppression is more thorough. Besides, the proposed receiving and compensation coils do not weaken energy injected into the earth by a primary field, do not weaken a secondary field signal, and have no influence on a detection capability. Since full compensation of the primary field can be realized, a cleaner secondary field signal can be obtained. A detection depth and a resolution are greatly increased.