The invention provides a preparation method of a modified anode of a marine sediment microbial fuel cell, and belongs to the technical field of a microbial fuel cell. The method comprises the steps: selecting a graphite rod with the diameter being 1.6cm, the length being 10cm and the surface area being 54cm<2> as a graphite anode, polishing the surface of the graphite to be smooth by respectively utilizing abrasive paper of 180, 360, 600 and 800, preparing a Mn<2+>+Fe3O4+Ni<2+>graphite anode from ferroferric oxide, manganese sulfate, graphite powder, kaoline and nickel chloride hexahydrate as raw materials, wherein the particle size of the graphite powder is 500 meshes, the particle size of the kaoline is 400 meshes, mixing the ferroferric oxide, the manganese sulfate, the graphite powder, the kaoline and the nickel chloride hexahydrate respectively according to a mass ratio of 6 percent, 3 percent, 58 percent, 30 percent and 2 percent, wherein the total mass of the ferroferric oxide, the manganese sulfate, the graphite powder, the kaoline and the nickel chloride hexahydrate is 4g. The method has advantages that the conductivity of a composite cathode prepared by adopting the method is obviously improved.