The invention relates to a water adsorption material, particularly relates to an acid heat treatment attapulgite water quality purifying agent. Attapulgite has a special fibrous structure, unusual colloid and adsorption performance, is wide in application field and has good reputation of earth king. The attapulgite clay has a special chained crystal structure, good colloid properties such as unique dispersion, water absorption and salt and alkali resistance and relatively high adsorption decoloring capacity and has good plasticity and adhesion performance, thereby being widely applied in various industries such as petroleum, chemical industry, building materials, papermaking, medicine, agriculture, environmental protection, printing and articles for daily use. Since the attapulgite crystal fibers are slender, internally porous, large in specific surface area and good in selection adsorption performance, the attapulgite is widely applied to the fields such as chemical industry, agriculture, food, medicine and environmental protection. At present, the attapulgite is widely used for the sewage treatment and particularly used for treating the waste water in printing and dyeing mills and tanneries, and the treated sewage can reach the national emission standard.