The invention relates to a precise combination bearing with adjustable pre-tightening force. The precise combination bearing with adjustable pre-tightening force comprises a small inner ring, a largeinner ring, an outer ring, an axial retainer, axial rollers and a radial roller, wherein the small inner ring is arranged on the small inner ring; the axial rollers are tapered rollers, and the linearspeeds of the two ends of each axial roller are consistent; tapered grooves matched with the axial rollers in size and shape are formed in the axial retainer; the axial rollers are mounted in the tapered grooves; the surfaces, correspondingly contacted with the axial rollers, of the small inner ring and the large inner ring are inclined surfaces matched with the tapered surfaces of the axial rollers; the outer end of each axial roller is provided with a pre-tightening device capable of adjusting pre-tightening force, and the pre-tightening devices are arranged outside the axial retainer; theradial roller is a spherical roller; each pre-tightening device comprises a piston, a spring and a small threaded plug; and the springs are connected with the axial rollers through small ball bodies.The precise combination bearing with the adjustable pre-tightening force has the advantages of high transmission rigidity, stable transmission, convenient mounting, high precision of machine operationand the like, and is not influenced by the speed difference of long-time operation.