The invention relates to the field of precision machining processes, and specifically relates to a roughness detection robot for precision machining and a detection method thereof. The roughness detection robot comprises a transmission frame and a material conveying belt, wherein the transmission frame is equipped with a detection mechanism, the main body of the detection mechanism is a detectionmachine barrel, and the outer barrel wall of the detection machine barrel is equipped with a plurality of detection frames at equal intervals, each detection frame is mounted on the outer wall of thedetection machine barrel through a fixed base plate, a plurality of detection brackets are independently arranged on each detection frame, the front end of each detection bracket is equipped with a detection head, each detection head is installed on the detection bracket in a penetrating mode through a movable sleeve, the inner cavity of the detection bracket is provided with a fixed rod, the movable sleeve is arranged on the fixed rod in a sleeving mode, each fixed rod is wound with an extrusion spring, a plurality of elasticity detectors are arranged in the detection machine barrel, and theextrusion springs are respectively connected with the elastic detectors. According to the invention, the surface is converted into points on the whole during the detection, and then the points are integrated into the surface, thereby achieving the effects of high-efficiency operation and high-efficiency analysis.